Omaliza konkire amatha kupindula posintha zida zamanja zochokera ku zinc kuchokera mkuwa.Awiriwa amapikisana wina ndi mnzake potengera kuuma, kulimba, kapangidwe kabwino komanso kumaliza kwaukadaulo-koma zinki zili ndi zina zowonjezera.
Zida zamkuwa ndi njira yodalirika yopezera m'mphepete mwa radius ndi zolumikizira zowongoka mu konkriti.Kapangidwe kake kolimba kamakhala ndi kulemera kokwanira bwino ndipo kumatha kupereka zotsatira zaukadaulo.Pachifukwa ichi, zida zamkuwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala maziko a makina ambiri omaliza konkire.Komabe, kukonda kumeneku kumabwera pamtengo.Ndalama ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito popanga bronze zikubweretsa kutayika kwamakampani, koma siziyenera kukhala choncho.Pali zinthu zina zomwe zilipo - zinc.
Ngakhale mapangidwe awo ndi osiyana, mkuwa ndi zinki zili ndi zofanana.Amapikisana wina ndi mnzake potengera kuuma, kulimba, kapangidwe kabwino komanso zotsatira zamankhwala apamwamba.Komabe, zinc ili ndi zina zowonjezera.
Kupanga zinki kumachepetsa kulemetsa kwa makontrakitala ndi opanga.Pachida chilichonse chamkuwa chomwe chimapangidwa, zida ziwiri za zinc zimatha m'malo mwake.Izi zimachepetsa ndalama zowonongeka pazida zomwe zimapereka zotsatira zofanana.Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga kwa wopanga kumakhala kotetezeka.Posintha zokonda zamsika kukhala zinki, makontrakitala ndi opanga adzapindula.
Kuyang'anitsitsa kapangidwe kake kumasonyeza kuti bronze ndi alloy yamkuwa yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zoposa 5,000.Panthawi yovuta kwambiri ya Bronze Age, inali chitsulo cholimba kwambiri komanso chosunthika chodziwika bwino kwa anthu, kupanga zida zabwinoko, zida, zida ndi zida zina zofunika kuti munthu apulumuke.
Nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza mkuwa ndi malata, aluminiyamu kapena faifi tambala (ndi zina).Zida zambiri za konkire ndi 88-90% zamkuwa ndi 10-12% malata.Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake, kuuma kwake komanso ductility kwambiri, izi ndizoyenera kwambiri pazida.Makhalidwewa amaperekanso mphamvu yonyamula katundu wambiri, kukana bwino kwa abrasion komanso kupirira kwakukulu.Tsoka ilo, limakondanso dzimbiri.
Zikapezeka ndi mpweya wokwanira, zida zamkuwa zimatha kukhala oxidize ndikusanduka zobiriwira.Chobiriwira chobiriwira ichi, chotchedwa patina, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chizindikiro choyamba cha kuvala.Patina ikhoza kukhala ngati chotchinga choteteza, koma ngati ma chloride (monga omwe ali m'madzi a m'nyanja, nthaka kapena thukuta) alipo, zidazi zimatha kukhala "matenda amkuwa".Uku ndikutha kwa zida za cuprous (zochokera mkuwa).Ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amatha kulowa muzitsulo ndikuwononga.Izi zikachitika, palibe mwayi woziletsa.
Wopereka zinki ali ku United States, zomwe zimalepheretsa ntchito yotumiza kunja.Izi sizinangobweretsa ntchito zambiri zaukadaulo ku United States, komanso zidachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zopangira komanso mtengo wogulitsa.Makampani a MARSHALLTOWN
Chifukwa zinki mulibe cuprous, "matenda amkuwa" amatha kupewedwa.M'malo mwake, ndi chinthu chachitsulo chokhala ndi sikweya yake patebulo la periodic ndi mawonekedwe a kristalo a hexagonal (hcp).Ilinso ndi kuuma kwapakatikati, ndipo imatha kupangidwa kuti ikhale yofewa komanso yosavuta kuyikonza pa kutentha kwakukulu pang'ono kuposa kutentha kozungulira.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zonse zamkuwa ndi zinki zimakhala ndi kuuma komwe kuli koyenera kwambiri pazida (muyeso ya Mohs kuuma kwazitsulo, zinki = 2.5; bronze = 3).
Kwa kumaliza konkriti, izi zikutanthauza kuti, potengera kapangidwe kake, kusiyana pakati pa bronze ndi zinki kumakhala kochepa.Onsewa amapereka zida za konkriti zokhala ndi katundu wambiri, kukana bwino kwa abrasion, komanso kuthekera kopanga zotsatira zomaliza zomwezo.Zinc ilibe kuipa kofanana - ndiyopepuka, yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, yosamva madontho amkuwa, komanso ndiyotsika mtengo.
Kupanga mkuwa kumadalira njira ziwiri zopangira (kuponya mchenga ndi kufa), koma palibe njira yomwe ili yotsika mtengo kwa opanga.Chotsatira chake ndi chakuti opanga akhoza kupatsira vuto lazachuma kwa makontrakitala.
Kuponyera mchenga, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, ndiko kuthira mkuwa wosungunuka mu nkhungu yotayidwa yosindikizidwa ndi mchenga.Popeza nkhunguyo imatha kutaya, wopangayo ayenera kusintha kapena kusintha nkhungu pa chida chilichonse.Njirayi imatenga nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zocheperako zipangidwe ndipo zimabweretsa mtengo wokwera wa zida zamkuwa chifukwa choperekacho sichingakwaniritse zofunikira zonse.
Kumbali ina, kuponya kufa sikungochitika kamodzi.Chitsulo chamadzimadzi chikatsanuliridwa mu nkhungu yachitsulo, yolimba ndi kuchotsedwa, nkhunguyo imakhala yokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwamsanga.Kwa opanga, choyipa chokha cha njirayi ndikuti mtengo wa nkhungu imodzi yoponya ufa ukhoza kukhala wokwera mpaka mazana masauzande a madola.
Mosasamala kanthu za njira yoponyera yomwe wopangayo amasankha kugwiritsa ntchito, kupera ndi kuchotsera zimakhudzidwa.Izi zimapangitsa zida zamkuwa kukhala zosalala, zokonzeka komanso zokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito pamwamba.Tsoka ilo, njirayi imafuna ndalama zogwirira ntchito.
Kupera ndi kupukuta ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri popanga zida zamkuwa, ndipo zidzatulutsa fumbi lomwe limafuna kusefa kapena mpweya wabwino.Popanda izi, ogwira ntchito akhoza kudwala matenda otchedwa pneumoconiosis kapena "pneumoconiosis", omwe amachititsa kuti zipsera ziwunjikane m'mapapu ndipo zingayambitse mavuto aakulu a m'mapapo.
Ngakhale kuti matenda amenewa nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mapapo, ziwalo zina zilinso pachiwopsezo.Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe titha kusungunuka m'magazi, ndikupangitsa kuti zifalikire m'thupi lonse, zomwe zimakhudza chiwindi, impso komanso ubongo.Chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yowopsa imeneyi, opanga ena a ku America sakufunanso kuika antchito awo pangozi.M'malo mwake, ntchitoyi ndi yakunja.Koma ngakhale opanga malondawa apempha kuti ayimitse kupanga bronze ndi kugaya komwe kumakhudzidwa.
Popeza pali opanga ochepa komanso ochepa omwe amapanga bronzes kunyumba ndi kunja, bronzes zidzakhala zovuta kupeza, zomwe zimabweretsa mitengo yosayenerera.
Kwa kumaliza konkire, kusiyana pakati pa bronze ndi zinki kumakhala kochepa.Onsewa amapereka zida za konkriti zokhala ndi katundu wambiri, kukana bwino kwa abrasion, komanso kuthekera kopanga zotsatira zomaliza zomwezo.Zinc ilibe kuipa kofanana-ndiyopepuka, yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, yosamva matenda amkuwa, komanso ndiyotsika mtengo.Makampani a MARSHALLTOWN
Komano, kupanga zinki sikukhala ndi ndalama zomwezi.Izi zinatheka chifukwa cha kupangidwa kwa ng'anjo yotentha ya zinc-lead m'zaka za m'ma 1960, yomwe inkagwiritsa ntchito kuziziritsa ndi kuyamwa kwa nthunzi kupanga zinki.Zotsatira zabweretsa zabwino zambiri kwa opanga ndi ogula, kuphatikiza:
Zinc amafanana ndi bronze m'mbali zonse.Onsewa ali ndi mphamvu zonyamula katundu wambiri komanso kukana kwabwino kwa abrasion, ndipo ndi abwino kwa zomangamanga za konkire, pamene nthaka imapititsa patsogolo, ndi chitetezo ku matenda amkuwa ndi mawonekedwe opepuka, osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito omwe angapereke makontrakitala ndi zotsatira zofanana. za.
Ichinso ndi gawo laling'ono la mtengo wa zida zamkuwa.Zinc imachokera ku United States, yomwe ili yolondola kwambiri ndipo safuna kugaya ndi kuchotsa, potero kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira.
Izi sizimangopulumutsa antchito awo kumapapu afumbi ndi zovuta zina zaumoyo, komanso zikutanthauza kuti opanga amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa kuti apange zambiri.Ndalamazi zidzaperekedwa kwa makontrakitala kuti awathandize kusunga ndalama zogulira zida zapamwamba.
Ndi maubwino onsewa, itha kukhala nthawi yoti makampaniwa asiye zaka zamkuwa za zida za konkriti ndikukumbatira tsogolo la zinki.
Megan Rachuy ndi wolemba komanso mkonzi wa MARSHALLTOWN, mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse lapansi pakupanga zida zamanja ndi zida zomangira zamafakitale osiyanasiyana.Monga wolemba wokhalamo, amalemba za DIY komanso zokhudzana ndi mbiri ya MARSHALLTOWN DIY Workshop blog.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-06-2021