Dziko la Navajo silinalole anthu ochita mafilimu kulowa m’chigwa chofiyira chokongola kwambiri chotchedwa Death Canyon.Pamalo a fuko kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Arizona, ndi gawo la Chikumbutso cha Dziko la Cheli Canyon-malo omwe anthu a Navajo odzitcha okha Diné ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kwambiri lauzimu ndi mbiri.Coerte Voorhees, wolemba filimu komanso wotsogolera filimuyi, adalongosola ma canyons ogwirizana ngati "mtima wa Mtundu wa Navajo."
Kanemayo ndi mbiri yakale yakale yotchedwa Canyon Del Muerto, yomwe ikuyembekezeka kutulutsidwa kumapeto kwa chaka chino.Limanena nkhani ya katswiri wofukula m’mabwinja Ann Akstel Mo yemwe ankagwira ntchito kuno m’ma 1920 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1930 Nkhani yoona ya Ann Axtell Morris.Anakwatiwa ndi Earl Morris ndipo nthawi zina amatchulidwa kuti ndi tate wa Southwestern Archaeology ndipo nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ngati chitsanzo cha Indiana Jones, Harrison Ford mu blockbuster Steven Spielberg ndi George Lucas mafilimu Sewero.Kuyamikiridwa kwa Earl Morris, kuphatikizapo tsankho la amayi pa chilango, kwa nthawi yaitali kubisa zomwe wachita, ngakhale kuti anali mmodzi mwa akazi oyambirira ofukula zinthu zakale zakutchire ku United States.
M’maŵa wozizira ndi wadzuwa, pamene dzuŵa linkayamba kuunikira makoma aatali a ngalandeyo, gulu la akavalo ndi magalimoto oyenda magudumu anayi anayenda pansi pa chigwacho.Ambiri mwa anthu 35 opanga mafilimu adakwera jeep yotseguka yoyendetsedwa ndi wowongolera waku Navajo wakumaloko.Ananena za zojambulajambula za miyala ndi miyala yomangidwa ndi Anasazi kapena akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale omwe tsopano amadziwika kuti anthu amtundu wa Pueblo.Anthu akale omwe amakhala kuno BC isanachitike.Navajo, ndipo adachoka m'mikhalidwe yodabwitsa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 14.Kumbuyo kwa convoy, nthawi zambiri kumakhala mumchenga ndi Ford T ya 1917 ndi galimoto ya 1918 TT.
Pamene ndinkakonzekera kamera ya lens yoyamba yotambasula mu canyon, ndinapita kwa mdzukulu wa Ann Earl wa zaka 58, Ben Gail, yemwe anali mlangizi wamkulu wa script pa kupanga.“Awa ndiwo malo apadera kwambiri kwa Ann, kumene ali wachimwemwe koposa ndipo wachita zina mwa ntchito zake zofunika koposa,” anatero Gell."Anabwereranso ku canyon nthawi zambiri ndikulemba kuti sizikuwoneka chimodzimodzi kawiri.Kuwala, nyengo, ndi nyengo zimasintha nthawi zonse.Amayi anga anabadwiratu kuno m’nthaŵi zofukulidwa m’mabwinja, mwinamwake mosadabwitsa, Anakula kukhala katswiri wofukula mabwinja.”
Pa chochitika china, tinaona mtsikana wina akuyenda pang’onopang’ono kudutsa kamera pa kavalo woyera.Anali atavala jekete yachikopa yabulauni yokhala ndi zikopa za nkhosa ndipo tsitsi lake linali lomanga mfundo.Wojambula yemwe amasewera agogo ake pachithunzichi ndi Kristina Krell (Kristina Krell), kwa Gail, zili ngati kuwonera chithunzi chakale cha banja chikukhala moyo.“Sindimudziwa Ann kapena Earl, onse awiri anamwalira ine ndisanabadwe, koma ndinazindikira kuti ndimawakonda kwambiri,” anatero Gale."Ndi anthu odabwitsa, ali ndi mtima wokoma mtima."
Woyang'aniridwa ndi kujambula anali John Tsosie wochokera ku Diné pafupi ndi Chinle, Arizona.Iye ndiye mgwirizano pakati pa kupanga mafilimu ndi boma la mafuko.Ndinamufunsa chifukwa chake Diné anavomera kulola opanga mafilimuwa kupita ku Canyon del Muerto."M'mbuyomu, kupanga mafilimu padziko lathu, tinali ndi zokumana nazo zoipa," adatero.“Anabweretsa mazana a anthu, kusiya zinyalala, kusokoneza malo oyera, ndi kuchita ngati kuti malowo ndi awo.Ntchito imeneyi ndi yosiyana.Amalemekeza kwambiri malo athu ndi anthu.Amalemba ganyu ambiri a Navajo, Adayika ndalama m'mabizinesi am'deralo ndikuthandiza chuma chathu. ”
Gale anawonjezera kuti, "Zimodzimodzinso kwa Ann ndi Earl.Anali ofukula m’mabwinja oyambirira kulemba ganyu Chinavajo yofukula pansi, ndipo analipidwa bwino kwambiri.Earl amalankhula Chinavajo, ndipo Ann amalankhulanso.Ena.Pambuyo pake, Earle atalimbikitsa kuteteza zigwa zimenezi, ananena kuti anthu a ku Navajo amene ankakhala kuno ayenera kuloledwa kukhala chifukwa ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya malo ano.”
Mkangano umenewu unapambana.Masiku ano, mabanja pafupifupi 80 a Diné amakhala ku Death Canyon ndi Cheri Canyon m'malire a National Monument.Ena mwa madalaivala ndi okwera omwe adagwira nawo filimuyi ndi a mabanjawa, ndipo ndi mbadwa za anthu omwe Ann ndi Earl Morris ankawadziwa zaka pafupifupi 100 zapitazo.Mu kanemayu, wothandizira wa Ann ndi Earl wa Navajo akuseweredwa ndi wosewera wa Diné, akulankhula Navajo ndi mawu achingerezi.Tsosie ananena kuti: “Nthawi zambiri, opanga mafilimu sasamala za mtundu wa anthu ochita sewero a ku America kapena chinenero chimene amalankhula.
Mufilimuyi, mlangizi wa chinenero cha Navajo wazaka 40 ali ndi msinkhu waufupi komanso ponytail.Sheldon Blackhorse adasewera kanema wa YouTube pa smartphone yake - iyi ndi kanema waku Western wa 1964 "Lipenga Lakutali" Chithunzi mu ".Wosewera wina wa ku Navajo wovala ngati Mmwenye wa ku Plains akulankhula ndi mkulu wa asilikali okwera pamahatchi wa ku America ku Navajo.Wopanga filimuyo sanazindikire kuti wosewerayo anali kudziseka yekha ndi Navajo winayo.“Mwachionekere simungandichite kalikonse,” iye anatero."Ndiwe njoka yodzikwawira pawekha - njoka."
Ku Canyon Del Muerto, ochita zisudzo aku Navajo amalankhula chilankhulo choyenera m'ma 1920s.Bambo ake a Sheldon, Taft Blackhorse, anali mlangizi wa chinenero, chikhalidwe ndi zinthu zakale zokumbidwa pansi pa zochitika tsiku limenelo.Iye anafotokoza kuti: “Chiyambireni Ann Morris anabwera kuno, takhala tikudziŵa za chikhalidwe cha Anglo kwa zaka zana limodzi ndipo chinenero chathu chakhala cholunjika ndi cholunjika monga Chingelezi.Iwo akanati, “Yenda pa thanthwe lamoyo.“Tsopano ife timati, “Kuyenda pa thanthwe.”Kanemayu asunga njira yakale yolankhulira yomwe yatsala pang'ono kutha. "
Gululo linasunthira pamwamba pa canyon.Ogwira ntchitoyo anatulutsa makamerawo ndi kuwaika pamalo okwera, akukonzekera kufika kwa Model T. Kumwamba kuli buluu, makoma a chigwacho ndi ofiira kwambiri, ndipo masamba a popula amakula kwambiri.Voorhees ali ndi zaka 30 chaka chino, wowonda, ali ndi tsitsi lopindika lofiirira komanso mawonekedwe omangika, atavala zazifupi, T-sheti ndi chipewa chaudzu chachikulu.Anayenda uku ndi uku kumtunda.“Sindikukhulupirira kuti tilidi kuno,” iye anatero.
Ichi ndicho chimaliziro cha zaka zambiri zogwira ntchito mwakhama ndi olemba, otsogolera, opanga ndi amalonda.Mothandizidwa ndi mchimwene wake John ndi makolo ake, Voorhees adakweza ndalama zokwana madola mamiliyoni ambiri muzopanga ndalama zopangira ndalama kuchokera kwa anthu oposa 75 omwe amagulitsa ndalama, akugulitsa imodzi panthawi.Kenako kunabwera mliri wa Covid-19, womwe udachedwetsa ntchito yonseyo ndikufunsa Voorhees kuti awonjezere ndalama zokwana US $ 1 miliyoni kuti athe kulipirira mtengo wa zida zodzitetezera (masks, magolovesi otayika, zotsukira m'manja, ndi zina zotero), zomwe zimayenera kuteteza anthu ambiri. Mu dongosolo la kujambula kwa masiku 34, onse ochita zisudzo ndi ogwira nawo ntchito.
Voorhees adakambirana ndi akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale a 30 kuti atsimikizire zolondola komanso chidwi cha chikhalidwe.Anapanga maulendo 22 ozindikiranso ku Canyon de Chelly ndi Canyon del Muerto kuti akapeze malo abwino kwambiri ndi ngodya yowombera.Kwa zaka zingapo, wakhala akuchita misonkhano ndi Navajo Nation ndi National Park Service, ndipo amayang'anira mogwirizana Canyon Decelli National Monument.
Voorhees anakulira ku Boulder, Colorado, ndipo abambo ake anali loya.Nthawi zambiri ubwana wake, mouziridwa ndi mafilimu a Indiana Jones, ankafuna kukhala katswiri wofukula mabwinja.Kenako anayamba kuchita chidwi ndi kupanga mafilimu.Ali ndi zaka 12, anayamba kudzipereka ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yomwe ili pa yunivesite ya Colorado.Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi inali alma mater wa Earl Morris ndipo adathandizira maulendo ake ena ofufuza.Chithunzi mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale chinakopa chidwi cha a Voorhees achichepere."Ichi ndi chithunzi chakuda ndi choyera cha Earl Morris ku Canyon de Chelly.Zikuwoneka ngati Indiana Jones m'malo odabwitsa awa.Ndinaganiza kuti, 'Eya, ndikufuna kupanga filimu yokhudza munthu ameneyo.'Ndiye ine ndinapeza kuti iye anali fanizo la Indiana Jones, kapena mwinamwake, ine ndinakopeka kwathunthu.”
Lucas ndi Spielberg adanena kuti udindo wa Indiana Jones umachokera ku mtundu womwe umawonekera m'zaka za m'ma 1930-zomwe Lucas adazitcha "msilikali wamwayi mu jekete lachikopa ndi chipewa chamtunduwu" -ndipo Osati munthu aliyense wa mbiri yakale.Komabe, m'mawu ena, adavomereza kuti adalimbikitsidwa ndi mitundu iwiri ya moyo weniweni: wofukula wa demure, womwa champagne Sylvanus Morley amayang'anira Mexico Kuphunzira kwa gulu lalikulu la kachisi wa Mayan Chichén Itzá, ndi mkulu wa zofukula za Molly, Earl Morris. , kuvala fedora ndi jekete lachikopa la bulauni, kuphatikizapo mzimu wovuta wa ulendo ndi chidziwitso chokhwima Phatikizani.
Chikhumbo chopanga filimu yokhudzana ndi Earl Morris wakhala akutsagana ndi Voorhees kupyolera mu sukulu ya sekondale ndi Georgetown University, komwe adaphunzira mbiri yakale ndi zachikale, ndi Graduate School of Film ku yunivesite ya Southern California.Kanema woyamba "First Line" yemwe adatulutsidwa ndi Netflix mu 2016 adasinthidwa kuchokera kunkhondo yaku Elgin Marbles, ndipo adatembenukira kumutu wa Earl Morris.
Zolemba za Voorhees posakhalitsa zinakhala mabuku aŵiri olembedwa ndi Ann Morris: “Kufukula M’dera la Yucatan Peninsula” (1931), limene limafotokoza za nthaŵi ya iye ndi Earl ku Chichén Itzá (Chichén Itzá) Nthaŵi inapita, ndi “Kukumba Kum’mwera Chakumadzulo” (1933) ), akufotokoza zomwe adakumana nazo pamakona anayi makamaka Canyon del Muerto.Pakati pazolemba zamoyo zamoyozo—chifukwa osindikiza savomereza kuti akazi akhoza kulemba buku la zinthu zakale zokumbidwa pansi kwa akuluakulu, kotero amagulitsidwa kwa ana okulirapo—Morris akufotokoza ntchito imeneyi kukhala “kutumiza ku dziko lapansi” Ulendo wopulumutsa anthu ku malo akutali kuti abwezeretse. masamba omwazikana a mbiri ya moyo wake.”Pambuyo poyang'ana kwambiri zolemba zake, Voorhees adaganiza zoganizira za Ann.“Anali mawu ake m’mabuku amenewo.Ndinayamba kulemba script. "
Mawu amenewo ndi ofotokozera komanso ovomerezeka, komanso amoyo komanso oseketsa.Ponena za chikondi chake cha kudera lakutali la canyon, iye analemba m’mabwinja a kumwera chakumadzulo kuti: “Ndikuvomereza kuti ndine m’modzi mwa anthu osaŵerengeka amene amavutika ndi kugodomalitsa maganizo kwambiri kum’mwera chakumadzulo—awa ndi matenda aakulu, oopsa ndiponso osachiritsika.”
Mu "Kufukula ku Yucatan", adalongosola "zida zofunikira kwambiri" za akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale, zomwe ndi fosholo, diso laumunthu, ndi malingaliro-izi ndizo zida zofunika kwambiri ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika.."Iyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala ndi zomwe zilipo ndikusunga madzi okwanira kuti asinthe ndikusintha pomwe zatsopano zikuwululidwa.Ayenera kulamulidwa ndi kulingalira mozama ndi kulingalira bwino, ndipo…
Iye analemba kuti popanda kulingalira, zotsalira zofukulidwa ndi ofukula zinthu zakale zinali “mafupa owuma ndi fumbi lamitundumitundu.”Kulingalira kunawalola “kumanganso makoma a midzi yogwa…Talingalirani misewu yaikulu yamalonda padziko lonse lapansi, yodzaza ndi apaulendo achidwi, amalonda aumbombo ndi asilikali, amene tsopano aiwalika kotheratu chifukwa cha chipambano chachikulu kapena kugonjetsedwa.”
Pamene Voorhees anafunsa Ann ku yunivesite ya Colorado ku Boulder, nthawi zambiri ankamva yankho lomwelo-ndi mawu ochuluka, chifukwa chiyani wina angasamalire za mkazi woledzera wa Earl Morris?Ngakhale kuti Ann anakhala chidakwa chauchidakwa m’zaka zake zaukalamba, nkhani yankhanza yodziŵika bwino imeneyi imasonyezanso ukulu umene ntchito ya Ann Morris yaiwalidwira, kunyalanyazidwa, kapena ngakhale kuthetsedwa.
Inga Calvin, pulofesa wa anthropology pa yunivesite ya Colorado, wakhala akulemba buku lonena za Ann Morris, makamaka zochokera m'makalata ake."Iye ndi katswiri wofukula m'mabwinja wabwino kwambiri yemwe ali ndi digiri ya ku yunivesite ndi maphunziro apamwamba ku France, koma chifukwa ndi mkazi, samamuganizira kwambiri," adatero.“Ndi mkazi wachichepere, wokongola, wanthanthi amene amakonda kusangalatsa anthu.Sizikuthandizira.Iye amalimbikitsa zofukula m’mabuku, ndipo sizithandiza.Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale ozama amanyoza anthu okonda kutchuka.Ichi ndi chinthu cha atsikana kwa iwo.
Calvin akuganiza kuti Morris ndi "wochepa komanso wodabwitsa kwambiri."Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1920, kavalidwe ka Ann m’munda—kuyenda m’maburewu, ma leggings, ndi zovala zachimuna—inali yoipitsitsa kwa akazi."Kumalo akutali kwambiri, kugona mumsasa wodzaza ndi amuna akugwedeza spatula, kuphatikiza amuna Achimereka Achimereka, ndi chimodzimodzi," adatero.
Malinga ndi kunena kwa Mary Ann Levine, pulofesa wa chikhalidwe cha anthu pa Franklin ndi Marshall College ku Pennsylvania, Morris anali “mpainiya, wolamulira malo opanda anthu.”Popeza kusankhana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kumalepheretsa kufufuza kwamaphunziro, adapeza ntchito yoyenera m'mabanja odziwa ntchito ndi Earle, adalemba malipoti ambiri aukadaulo, adamuthandiza kufotokoza zomwe adapeza, ndikulemba mabuku opambana."Anayambitsa njira ndi zolinga za zofukula zakale kwa anthu okonda kwambiri, kuphatikizapo atsikana," adatero Levine."Pofotokoza nkhani yake, adadzilembera yekha mbiri yakale yaku America."
Pamene Ann anafika ku Chichen Itza, Yucatan, mu 1924, Silvanas Molly anamuuza kuti asamalire mwana wake wamkazi wazaka 6 ndi kukhala wochereza alendowo.Kuti athawe ntchitozi ndikufufuza malowa, adapeza kachisi waung'ono wonyalanyazidwa.Analimbikitsa Molly kuti amulole kukumba, ndipo anakumba mosamala.Pamene Earl adabwezeretsanso Kachisi wokongola kwambiri wa Ankhondo (800-1050 AD), wojambula waluso kwambiri Ann anali kukopera ndikuwerenga zojambula zake.Kafukufuku wake ndi mafanizo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la mabuku awiri a Temple of the Warriors ku Chichen Itza, Yucatan, lofalitsidwa ndi Carnegie Institute mu 1931. Pamodzi ndi Earl ndi wojambula wa ku France Jean Charlotte, amaonedwa kuti ndi Co- wolemba.
Kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa United States, Ann ndi Earl anafukula mozama ndi kujambula ndi kuphunzira mawu a petroglyph m’makona anayi.Buku lake lonena za khama limeneli linasintha maganizo a Anasazi.Monga momwe Voorhees akunenera, “Anthu amaganiza kuti gawo ili la dzikoli nthawi zonse lakhala osaka osamukasamuka.Ma Anasazi saganiziridwa kuti ali ndi chitukuko, mizinda, chikhalidwe, ndi malo a chikhalidwe cha anthu.Zomwe Ann Morris adachita m'bukulo Zinawonongeka kwambiri ndikutsimikiza nthawi zonse zodziyimira pawokha za chitukuko cha zaka 1000-Basket Makers 1, 2, 3, 4;Pueblo 3, 4, etc. "
Voorhees amamuwona ngati mkazi wazaka za zana la 21 yemwe adasokonekera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20."M'moyo wake, adanyalanyazidwa, kukondedwa, kunyozedwa komanso kutsekeredwa mwadala, chifukwa zofukula zakale ndi kalabu ya anyamata," adatero."Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri ndi mabuku ake.Amalembedwa momveka bwino kaamba ka achikulire omwe ali ndi digiri ya ku koleji, koma ayenera kusindikizidwa monga mabuku a ana.”
Voorhees anafunsa Tom Felton (wodziwika bwino posewera Draco Malfoy mu mafilimu a Harry Potter) kuti azisewera Earl Morris.Wopanga filimuyo Ann Morris (Ann Morris) amasewera Abigail Lawrie, wosewera wazaka 24 wobadwa ku Scottish amadziwika ndi sewero laupandu waku Britain waku Britain "Tin Star", ndipo achinyamata a ofukula zakale ali ndi zofanana kwambiri."Zili ngati tinabadwanso Ann," adatero Voorhees."Ndizodabwitsa mukakumana naye."
Patsiku lachitatu la canyon, Voorhees ndi antchito anafika kudera limene Ann adazembera ndipo anatsala pang'ono kufa pamene akukwera thanthwe, kumene iye ndi Earle anapeza zina zodziwika bwino-monga zofukula zakale zaupainiya Nyumbayo inalowa m'phanga lotchedwa Holocaust. m'mwamba pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa canyon, osawoneka kuchokera pansi.
M’zaka za m’ma 1700 ndi 1800, ku New Mexico kunkachitika ziwawa zachiwawa, kumenyana ndi anthu a ku Spain.Mu 1805, asilikali a ku Spain anakwera m’chigwachi kuti akabwezere nkhondo yaposachedwapa ya Anavajo.Pafupifupi Anavajo 25—okalamba, akazi, ndi ana—abisala m’phangamo.Pakadapanda mayi wachikulire yemwe anayamba kunyoza asilikaliwo ponena kuti ndi “anthu oyenda opanda maso” akanabisala.
Asilikali a ku Spain sanathe kuwombera mwachindunji chandamale, koma zipolopolo zawo zinatuluka pakhoma laphanga, kuvulaza kapena kupha anthu ambiri omwe anali mkatimo.Kenako asilikaliwo anakwera m’phangamo n’kupha anthu ovulalawo komanso kuba katundu wawo.Pafupifupi zaka 120 pambuyo pake, Ann ndi Earl Morris analoŵa m’phangamo ndi kupeza mafupa oyera, zipolopolo zimene zinapha Anavajo, ndi kugwetsa madontho pakhoma lakumbuyo lonselo.Kuphedwa kumeneku kunapatsa Death Canyon dzina loipa.(Smithsonian Institution geologist James Stevenson adatsogolera ulendo wopita kuno mu 1882 ndipo adatcha canyon.)
Taft Blackhorse anati: “Tili ndi chizoloŵezi champhamvu kwambiri kwa akufa.Sitilankhula za iwo.Sitikonda kukhala kumene anthu amafera.Ngati wina wamwalira, anthu amakonda kusiya nyumba.Moyo wa akufa udzavulaza amoyo, choncho ifenso anthu timapewa kupha mapanga ndi m’matanthwe.”Kuphedwa kwa Navajo kungakhale chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe Canyon of the Dead sinakhudzidwepo Ann ndi Earl Morris asanabwere.Analifotokoza kuti ndi “limodzi mwa malo olemera kwambiri ofukula zinthu zakale padziko lonse lapansi.”
Pafupi ndi Phanga la Holocaust ndi malo ochititsa chidwi komanso okongola otchedwa Mummy Cave: Iyi ndi nthawi yosangalatsa kwambiri yoyamba yomwe Voorhees akuwonekera pazenera.Ili ndi phanga lamitundu iwiri lamwala wofiyira wophwanyika ndi mphepo.Kumbali ya mamita 200 pamwamba pa nthaka ya canyon ndi nsanja yodabwitsa ya nsanjika zitatu yokhala ndi zipinda zingapo zoyandikana, zonse zomangidwa ndi zomangamanga ndi Anasazi kapena anthu achikulire a Pueblo.
Mu 1923, Ann ndi Earl Morris anafukula pano ndipo anapeza umboni wa ntchito ya zaka 1,000, kuphatikizapo mitembo yambiri yodulidwa yomwe ili ndi tsitsi ndi khungu lomwe lidakalipo.Pafupifupi amayi onse—mwamuna, mkazi, ndi mwana—anavala zipolopolo ndi mikanda;chomwechonso chiwombankhanga pamaliro.
Imodzi mwa ntchito za Ann ndiyo kuchotsa zonyansa za mummies kwa zaka mazana ambiri ndikuchotsa mbewa zomwe zimakhala m'mimba mwawo.Iye sali squeamish konse.Ann ndi Earl angokwatirana kumene, ndipo iyi ndi nthawi yawo yaukwati.
M'nyumba yaing'ono ya adobe ya Ben Gell ku Tucson, mu chisokonezo cha kumwera chakumadzulo kwa ntchito zamanja ndi zida zakale zachi Danish zapamwamba zomvetsera, muli makalata ambiri, zolemba, zithunzi ndi zikumbutso zochokera kwa agogo ake.Anatulutsa mfuti kuchipinda chake, yomwe a Morriss adanyamula nawo paulendowu.Ali ndi zaka 15, Earl Morris analoza munthu amene anapha bambo ake atakangana m’galimoto ku Farmington, New Mexico.“Manja a Earl ananjenjemera kwambiri moti analephera kugwira mfutiyo,” anatero Gale."Atawombera mfutiyo, mfuti siinawombe ndipo adathawa ali ndi mantha."
Earle anabadwira ku Chama, New Mexico m'chaka cha 1889. Iye anakulira ndi bambo ake, woyendetsa galimoto ndi injiniya wa zomangamanga omwe ankagwira ntchito yokonza misewu, kumanga madamu, migodi ndi ntchito za njanji.M’nthaŵi yawo yopuma, atate ndi mwana wawo anafunafuna zotsalira za Amwenye Achimereka;Earle adagwiritsa ntchito chosankha chofupikitsa kukumba mphika wake woyamba ali ndi zaka 31/2.Bambo ake ataphedwa, kufukula kwa zinthu zakale kunakhala chithandizo cha Earl's OCD.Mu 1908, adalowa ku yunivesite ya Colorado ku Boulder, komwe adapeza digiri ya master mu psychology, koma adachita chidwi ndi zofukulidwa zakale-osati kokha kukumba miphika ndi chuma, komanso chidziwitso ndi kumvetsetsa zakale.Mu 1912, adafukula mabwinja a Mayan ku Guatemala.Mu 1917, ali ndi zaka 28, anayamba kukumba ndi kubwezeretsa mabwinja a Aztec a makolo a Pueblo ku New Mexico ku American Museum of Natural History.
Ann anabadwa mu 1900 ndipo anakulira m’banja lolemera ku Omaha.Ali ndi zaka 6, monga adatchulira mu "Southwest Digging", mnzake wabanja adamufunsa zomwe akufuna kuchita akadzakula.Monga momwe adadzifotokozera yekha, wolemekezeka komanso wosasamala, adapereka yankho lokonzedwa bwino, lomwe ndi ulosi wolondola wa moyo wake wachikulire: "Ndikufuna kukumba chuma chobisika, kufufuza pakati pa Amwenye, kujambula ndi kuvala Pitani kumfuti. kenako nkupita ku koleji.”
Gal wakhala akuwerenga makalata Ann adalembera amayi ake ku Smith College ku Northampton, Massachusetts."Pulofesa wina adanena kuti anali mtsikana wanzeru kwambiri ku Smith College," Gale anandiuza."Iye ndiye moyo waphwando, woseketsa kwambiri, mwina wobisika kuseri kwake.Iye amangogwiritsa ntchito nthabwala m’makalata ake ndipo amauza mayi ake zonse, kuphatikizapo masiku amene sangathe kudzuka.Wovutika maganizo?Kukomoka?Mwina onse.Inde, sitikudziwa.”
Ann amachita chidwi ndi anthu oyambirira, mbiri yakale, ndi chikhalidwe cha Amwenye Achimereka ku Ulaya kusanachitike.Adadandaula pulofesa wake wa mbiri yakale kuti maphunziro awo onse adayamba mochedwa komanso kuti chitukuko ndi boma zidakhazikitsidwa.Iye analemba kuti: “Sizinafike mpaka pamene pulofesa wina amene anandivutitsa ananena motopa kuti ndingafune kufufuza zinthu zakale zokumbidwa pansi m’malo mokhala ndi mbiri yakale, m’pamene m’bandakucha sanayambe.Atamaliza maphunziro ake ku Smith College mu 1922, adapita ku France kukalowa nawo American Academy of Prehistoric Archaeology, komwe adalandira maphunziro ofukula minda.
Ngakhale adakumanapo kale ndi Earl Morris ku Shiprock, New Mexico - adayendera msuweni wake - dongosolo la nthawi ya chibwenzi silinali lodziwika bwino.Koma zikuoneka kuti Earl anatumiza kalata kwa Ann pamene anali kuphunzira ku France, kum’pempha kuti akwatiwe naye."Anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi iye," adatero Gale.“Anakwatiwa ndi ngwazi yake.Imeneyinso ndi njira yoti iye akhale katswiri wofukula mabwinja-kuti alowe m'makampani. "M’kalata imene analembera banja lake mu 1921, iye ananena kuti akanakhala mwamuna, Earl akanasangalala kum’patsa ntchito yoyang’anira zokumba pansi, koma womuthandizira sangalole kuti mkazi akhale ndi udindo umenewu.Iye analemba kuti: “N’zosachita kufunsa kuti mano anga achita makwinya chifukwa cha kukukuta mobwerezabwereza.”
Ukwatiwo unachitikira ku Gallup, New Mexico mu 1923. Kenaka, atafukula holide yaukwati ku Mummy Cave, iwo anatenga ngalawa kupita ku Yucatan, kumene Carnegie Institute inalemba ganyu Earl kuti afukule ndi kumanganso Kachisi Wankhondo ku Chichen Itza.Pa tebulo la khitchini, Gail anaika Zithunzi za agogo ake m'mabwinja a Mayan-Ann wavala chipewa chosasamala ndi malaya oyera, akujambula zojambula;khutu limapachika chosakaniza simenti pa shaft ya galimoto;ndipo ali mu kachisi wamng'ono wa Xtoloc Cenote.Kumeneko "adapeza spurs" monga wofukula, adalemba pofukula ku Yucatan.
Kwa zaka zonse za m'ma 1920, banja la Morris linali moyo woyendayenda, kugawa nthawi yawo pakati pa Yucatan ndi Southwestern United States.Kuchokera pamawonekedwe a nkhope ndi thupi lomwe likuwonetsedwa muzithunzi za Ann, komanso mawu osangalatsa komanso olimbikitsa m'mabuku ake, makalata ndi zolemba zake, zikuwonekeratu kuti akutenga ulendo waukulu wakuthupi ndi waluntha ndi mwamuna yemwe amamukonda.Malinga ndi kunena kwa Inga Calvin, Ann akumwa moŵa—osati zachilendo kwa akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale—koma akugwirabe ntchito ndi kusangalala ndi moyo wake.
Kenako, m’zaka za m’ma 1930, mkazi wanzeru ndi wanyonga ameneyu anakhala m’malo."Ichi ndiye chinsinsi chachikulu m'moyo wake, ndipo banja langa silinalankhulepo," adatero Gale.“Pamene ndinafunsa amayi za Ann, anali kunena zoona kuti, ‘Iye ndi chidakwa,’ ndiyeno anasintha nkhaniyo.Sindikukana kuti Ann ndi chidakwa - ayenera kukhala - koma ndikuganiza kuti malongosoledwe awa ndi NS wosavuta. "
Gale ankafuna kudziwa ngati kukhazikika ndi kubadwa kwa mwana ku Boulder, Colorado (amayi ake Elizabeth Ann anabadwa mu 1932 ndipo Sarah Lane anabadwa mu 1933) kunali kusintha kovuta pambuyo pa zaka zovuta zomwe zinali patsogolo pa zofukulidwa zakale .Inga Calvin ananena mosapita m’mbali kuti: “Imeneyo ndiyo helo.Kwa Ann ndi ana ake, amamuopa.”Komabe, palinso nkhani za Ann akugwira phwando la zovala za ana m'nyumba ya Boulder.
Pamene anali ndi zaka 40, nthawi zambiri sankatuluka m’chipinda cham’mwamba.Malinga ndi kunena kwa banja lina, iye ankapita m’chipinda chapansi kaŵiri pachaka kukachezera ana ake, ndipo chipinda chake chinali choletsedwa kotheratu.Munali majakisoni ndi zoyatsira za Bunsen mchipindacho, zomwe zidapangitsa achibale ena kuganiza kuti akugwiritsa ntchito morphine kapena heroin.Gail sanaganize kuti zinali zoona.Ann ali ndi matenda a shuga ndipo akubaya insulin.Ananena kuti mwina chowotcha cha Bunsen chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa khofi kapena tiyi.
"Ndikuganiza kuti izi zikuphatikiza zinthu zingapo," adatero.“Iye ndi woledzera, ali ndi matenda a shuga, matenda a nyamakazi oopsa, ndipo pafupifupi akudwala matenda ovutika maganizo.”Kumapeto kwa moyo wake, Earl adalembera kalata bambo ake a Ann za zomwe dotoloyo adachita.Gale ankaganiza kuti noduleyo inali chotupa ndipo ululu unali waukulu.
Coerte Voorhees ankafuna kuwombera zithunzi zake zonse za Canyon de Chelly ndi Canyon del Muerto m'malo enieni ku Arizona, koma chifukwa cha ndalama anayenera kuwombera zochitika zambiri kwinakwake.Dera la New Mexico, komwe iye ndi gulu lake ali, limapereka chilimbikitso chamisonkho chowolowa manja pakupanga mafilimu m'boma, pomwe Arizona sapereka chilimbikitso chilichonse.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuyimilira kwa Canyon Decelli National Monument kuyenera kupezeka ku New Mexico.Atazindikira kwambiri, adaganiza zowombera ku Red Rock Park kunja kwa Gallup.Kukula kwa malowa kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, koma kumapangidwa ndi mchenga wofiira womwewo, womwe umakhala wofanana ndi mphepo, ndipo mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, kamera ndi wabodza wabwino.
Ku Hongyan, ogwira ntchitowo ankagwira ntchito ndi akavalo osagwirizana ndi mphepo ndi mvula mpaka usiku, ndipo mphepo inasanduka chipale chofewa.Masana, matalala a chipale chofewa akadali m'chipululu chachikulu, ndipo Laurie-chithunzi chenicheni cha Ann Morris-akumuphunzitsa ndi Taft Blackhorse ndi mwana wake Sheldon Navajo mizere.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-09-2021