Zatsopano pakutsimikizira kwabwino kwa mayendedwe a konkriti zitha kupereka chidziwitso chofunikira pazabwino, kulimba, komanso kutsata ma code hybrid design.
Kupanga miyala ya konkriti kumatha kuwona zadzidzidzi, ndipo kontrakitala akuyenera kutsimikizira mtundu ndi kulimba kwa konkriti yoponyedwa pamalo.Zochitika izi zikuphatikizapo kukhudzana ndi mvula panthawi yothira, pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ochiritsira, kuchepa kwa pulasitiki ndi kuphulika kwa maola mkati mwa maola angapo mutathira, ndi zolemba za konkire ndi kuchiritsa.Ngakhale zofunikira zamphamvu ndi mayeso ena azinthu zikakwaniritsidwa, mainjiniya angafunike kuchotsedwa ndikusintha magawo apansi panthaka chifukwa ali ndi nkhawa ngati zida za in-situ zimakwaniritsa zomwe zimapangidwira.
Pamenepa, petrography ndi njira zina zowonjezera (koma akatswiri) zoyesera zimatha kupereka chidziwitso chofunikira pazabwino komanso kulimba kwa zosakaniza za konkriti komanso ngati zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zantchito.
Chithunzi 1. Zitsanzo za ma microscope ma microscopes a fluorescence a phala la konkire pa 0,40 w / c (ngodya yapamwamba kumanzere) ndi 0,60 w / c (kona yakumanja kumanja).Chithunzi chakumanzere chakumanzere chikuwonetsa chipangizo choyezera kukana kwa silinda ya konkriti.Chithunzi cham'munsi chakumanja chikuwonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa kukana kwa voliyumu ndi w/c.Chunyu Qiao ndi DRP, Twining Company
Lamulo la Abramu: “Kuphatikizika kwa konkire kosakaniza kumayenderana kwambiri ndi chiŵerengero chake cha simenti yamadzi.”
Pulofesa Duff Abrams analongosola koyamba za ubale umene ulipo pakati pa chiŵerengero cha simenti ya m’madzi (w/c) ndi mphamvu yopondereza mu 1918 [1], ndipo anapanga chimene tsopano chimatchedwa lamulo la Abramu kuti: “Mphamvu yopondereza ya chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi simenti.”Kuphatikiza pa kulamulira mphamvu zopondereza, chiŵerengero cha simenti yamadzi (w / cm) tsopano chayanjidwa chifukwa chimazindikira kusinthidwa kwa simenti ya Portland ndi zipangizo zowonjezera cementing monga phulusa la ntchentche ndi slag.Ndiwonso gawo lofunikira la kukhazikika kwa konkriti.Kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti zosakaniza za konkire zokhala ndi w/cm kutsika kuposa ~ 0.45 zimakhala zolimba m'malo ankhanza, monga madera omwe amakhala ndi madzi oundana okhala ndi mchere wa deicing kapena madera omwe dothi lili ndi sulfate wambiri.
Capillary pores ndi gawo lachilengedwe la slurry ya simenti.Amakhala ndi danga pakati pa zinthu za simenti za hydration ndi tinthu tating'ono ta simenti tambiri tomwe timadzaza ndi madzi.[2] Capillary pores ndiabwino kwambiri kuposa ma pores otsekeredwa kapena otsekeredwa ndipo sayenera kusokonezedwa nawo.Pamene ma capillary pores alumikizidwa, madzimadzi ochokera kumadera akunja amatha kusuntha kudzera mu phala.Chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa kulowa mkati ndipo chiyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti chitsimikizidwe kuti chikhale cholimba.The microstructure wa chokhazikika konkire osakaniza ndi kuti pores ndi segmented osati kugwirizana.Izi zimachitika pamene w/cm ndi yochepera ~ 0.45.
Ngakhale ndizodziwikiratu kuti ndizovuta kuyeza molondola w/cm ya konkire yowuma, njira yodalirika ingapereke chida chofunikira chotsimikizira chapamwamba pakufufuza konkire yowuma.Fluorescence microscopy imapereka yankho.Umu ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito.
Fluorescence microscopy ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito epoxy resin ndi utoto wa fulorosenti kuti aunikire zambiri zazinthu.Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu sayansi ya zamankhwala, komanso imakhala ndi ntchito zofunika kwambiri mu sayansi yazinthu.Kugwiritsa ntchito mwadongosolo njira iyi mu konkire kunayamba pafupifupi zaka 40 zapitazo ku Denmark [3];idakhazikitsidwa m'maiko a Nordic ku 1991 kuyerekeza w / c ya konkire yowuma, ndipo idasinthidwa mu 1999 [4].
Kuyeza ma w/masentimita a zinthu zopangidwa ndi simenti (ie konkire, matope, ndi grouting), fulorosenti epoxy imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga gawo lopyapyala kapena chipika cha konkire chokhala ndi makulidwe pafupifupi ma microns 25 kapena 1/1000 inchi (Chithunzi 2).Njirayi imaphatikizapo Konkire yapakati kapena silinda imadulidwa muzitsulo za konkire (zotchedwa zopanda kanthu) ndi malo pafupifupi 25 x 50 mm (1 x 2 mainchesi).Chopandacho chimamatira ku galasi lagalasi, ndikuyikidwa m'chipinda chopanda mpweya, ndipo utomoni wa epoxy umalowetsedwa pansi pa vacuum.Pamene w / cm ikuwonjezeka, kugwirizanitsa ndi chiwerengero cha pores chidzawonjezeka, kotero kuti epoxy yambiri idzalowa mu phala.Timasanthula ma flakes pansi pa maikulosikopu, pogwiritsa ntchito zosefera zapadera kuti tisangalatse utoto wa fulorosenti mu utomoni wa epoxy ndikusefa zizindikiro zochulukirapo.Muzithunzizi, madera akuda amaimira tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tinthu tating'ono ta simenti topanda madzi.Porosity ya awiriwa kwenikweni ndi 0%.Bwalo lobiriwira lowala ndi porosity (osati porosity), ndipo porosity ndi 100%.Chimodzi mwazinthu izi "chinthu" chobiriwira chamangamanga ndi phala (Chithunzi 2).Pamene w / cm ndi capillary porosity ya konkire ikuwonjezeka, mtundu wapadera wobiriwira wa phala umakhala wowala komanso wowala (onani Chithunzi 3).
Chithunzi 2. Fluorescence micrograph of flakes kusonyeza aggregated particles, voids (v) ndi phala.The yopingasa munda m'lifupi ndi ~ 1.5 mm.Chunyu Qiao ndi DRP, Twining Company
Chithunzi 3. Fluorescence micrographs ya flakes imasonyeza kuti pamene w / cm ikuwonjezeka, phala lobiriwira limakhala lowala kwambiri.Zosakanizazi zimakhala ndi mpweya ndipo zimakhala ndi phulusa la ntchentche.Chunyu Qiao ndi DRP, Twining Company
Kusanthula zithunzi kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa zambiri kuchokera pazithunzi.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana asayansi, kuchokera ku ma microscope akutali.Pixel iliyonse pachithunzi cha digito imakhala malo a data.Njirayi imatithandiza kulumikiza manambala kumagulu osiyanasiyana owala obiriwira omwe amawonekera pazithunzizi.Pazaka 20 zapitazi, ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu zamakompyuta apakompyuta komanso kupeza zithunzi za digito, kusanthula zithunzi tsopano kwakhala chida chothandiza chomwe akatswiri ambiri oonera ma microscope (kuphatikiza akatswiri asayansi a konkriti) atha kugwiritsa ntchito.Nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula zithunzi kuyeza kuchuluka kwa capillary slurry.M'kupita kwa nthawi, tapeza kuti pali mgwirizano wokhazikika wokhazikika pakati pa w / cm ndi capillary porosity, monga momwe tawonetsera mu chithunzi chotsatira (Chithunzi 4 ndi Chithunzi 5)).
Chithunzi 4. Chitsanzo cha deta yopezedwa kuchokera ku fluorescence micrographs ya zigawo zoonda.Chithunzichi chimapanga chiwerengero cha mapikseli pamlingo wotuwa womwe wapatsidwa mu chithunzithunzi chimodzi.Nsonga zitatuzo zimayenderana ndi zophatikizira (mapindikira alalanje), phala (dera la imvi), ndi void (nsonga yosadzaza kumanja).Mphepete mwa phalayo imalola munthu kuwerengera kukula kwa pore ndi kupatuka kwake.Chunyu Qiao ndi DRP, Twining Company Chithunzi 5. Chithunzichi chikufotokoza mwachidule miyeso ya w / masentimita avareji ya capillary ndi 95% nthawi yodalirika mu osakaniza wopangidwa ndi simenti yoyera, simenti ya phulusa, ndi binder yachilengedwe ya pozzolan.Chunyu Qiao ndi DRP, Twining Company
Pomaliza, mayesero atatu odziyimira pawokha amafunikira kuti atsimikizire kuti konkire yomwe ili pamalowo ikugwirizana ndi kusakanikirana kwapangidwe.Momwe mungathere, pezani zitsanzo zazikuluzikulu kuchokera pazikhazikitso zomwe zimakwaniritsa njira zonse zovomerezera, komanso zitsanzo zochokera kumalo ogwirizana nawo.Pachimake kuchokera pamakonzedwe ovomerezeka angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chitsanzo chowongolera, ndipo mukhoza kuchigwiritsa ntchito ngati chizindikiro choyesa kutsata ndondomeko yoyenera.
Zomwe takumana nazo, mainjiniya omwe ali ndi ma rekodi akawona zomwe zatengedwa kuchokera ku mayesowa, nthawi zambiri amavomereza kuyika ngati zida zina zazikulu zaumisiri (monga mphamvu zopondereza) zakwaniritsidwa.Popereka miyeso yochulukirapo ya w / cm ndi mapangidwe, titha kupitilira mayeso omwe aperekedwa pa ntchito zambiri kuti titsimikizire kuti kusakaniza komwe kulipo kuli ndi zinthu zomwe zingatanthauze kukhazikika kwabwino.
David Rothstein, Ph.D., PG, FACI ndi wamkulu wa lithographer wa DRP, A Twining Company.Ali ndi zaka zopitilira 25 zaukadaulo wazachipatala ndipo adayendera yekha zitsanzo zopitilira 10,000 kuchokera kumapulojekiti opitilira 2,000 padziko lonse lapansi.Dr. Chunyu Qiao, wasayansi wamkulu wa DRP, a Twining Company, ndi katswiri wa geologist komanso wasayansi wazaka zopitilira khumi pakupanga simenti ndi zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zopangidwa ndi miyala.Ukatswiri wake umaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwazithunzi ndi ma microscopy a fluorescence kuti aphunzire kulimba kwa konkriti, ndikugogomezera kwambiri kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mchere wa deicing, zochita za alkali-silicon, ndi kuukira kwamankhwala m'mafakitale opangira madzi onyansa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-07-2021