Zochitika Zatsopano mu Chitsimikizo cha mapedi a konkriti zitha kupereka chidziwitso chofunikira pa mtundu, kulimba, komanso kutsatira manambala a hybrid.
Ntchito yomanga mipata ya konkriti imatha kuwona zadzidzidzi, ndipo kontrakitala amafunika kutsimikizira mtunduwo komanso kukhazikika kwa konkire. Zochitika izi zimaphatikizapo kugwa mvula pakuthirapo, positi-kugwiritsa ntchito ma pulasitiki komanso maola osokoneza bongo pakatha maola ochepa mutatha kutsanulira, komanso nkhani zoritsa ndi zokutira. Ngakhale zofuna zamphamvu ndi zoyeserera zina zakwaniritsidwa, mainjiniya angafunike kuchotsedwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa magawo apadera chifukwa ali ndi nkhawa kuti mungakhale ndi zigawo zosakanikirana.
Pankhaniyi, petrophiphight ndi zina zowonjezera (koma akatswiri) njira zoyeserera zitha kupereka chidziwitso chofunikira pazoyenera komanso zokhala ndi zosakanikirana.
Chithunzi 1. Zitsanzo za fluorescence micrographkopompope micrographkopoko ya ma connette pa 0,40 w / c (ngodya yakumanzere) ndi 0,5 w / c (ngodya yakumanja). Chiwerengero chakumanzere chikuwonetsa chipangizocho poyesa kusamvana kwa sinlinder konkriti. Chiwerengero chotsindikizana chikuwonetsa ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa mafinya ndi w / c. Chungwa qiao ndi drp, kampani yotumphuka
Lamulo la Abulamu linali: "Mphamvu yovuta yolemetsa ya osakaniza konkriti ndi yolingana ndi gawo lake la simenti."
Pulofesa Dufm dufms adalongosola koyamba ubale wamadzi a simenti (W / C) ndi mphamvu yolemetsa mu 1918 [1] Kuphatikiza pa kuwongolera mphamvu zopsinjika, gawo la simenti yamadzi (W / cm) tsopano limakhudzidwa chifukwa limazindikira kusintha kwa simenti ya Porland ndi zida zowonjezera za phulusa ndi slag. Ndi gawo lofunikira la kukhazikika kwa konkriti. Maphunziro ambiri awonetsa kuti masinthidwe a konkriti ali ndi w / cm otsika kuposa ~ 0.45 ndi okhazikika m'malo ankhanza, monga madera omwe ali ndi mizere yotakasuka kapena malo omwe ali ndi sulfate yayikulu m'nthaka.
Pores a Capillary ndi gawo lobadwa la simenti. Amakhala ndi malo pakati pa denga lamiyala yamiyeso ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadzaza ndi madzi. [2] Porery Pores ndizabwino kwambiri kuposa zokongoletsera kapena zopopera ndipo siziyenera kusokonezedwa nawo. Pamene ma capillary pores alumikizidwa, madzi ochokera kunja kwa malo akunja amatha kudutsa pa phala. Izi zimatchedwa kulowetsedwa ndipo ziyenera kuchepetsedwa kuonetsetsa kuti kulimba. Ma microstrucs a konkriti yolimba ndikuti ma pores amagawidwa m'malo molumikizana. Izi zimachitika pamene w / cm ndizochepera ~ 0.45.
Ngakhale ndizosavuta kuyeza ma cmentte molondola, njira yodalirika imapereka chida chofunikira kwambiri kuti mufufuze konkire yolimba. Fluorescence microscopy imapereka yankho. Umu ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito.
Fluorescence microcy ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito epoxy slide ndi fluorestscent utoto kuti muunikire zambiri za zida. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri sayansi ya zamankhwala, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zofunikira pa sayansi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mwadongosolo njira imeneyi ku Concete kunayamba pafupifupi zaka 40 zapitazo ku Denmark [3]; Munali oyenera m'maiko a Nordic mu 1991 poyerekeza w / c ya konkire youma, ndipo idasinthidwa mu 1999 [4].
Kuti muyeze ma c / cm a simenti-cmenti, matope, ndi kusewera), exoutcent epoxy amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga gawo lopyapyala 25 kapena 1/1000 inchi (Chithunzi 2). Njirayi imaphatikizaponso pakati pa sikomini kapena silinda imadulidwa mumiyala yathyathyathya (yotchedwa Blanks) yokhala ndi gawo pafupifupi 25 x 50 mm (1 x 2 mainchesi). Zopanda kanthuzo zimatsekedwa pamagalasi, kuyikidwa m'chipinda cha vacuum, ndipo epoxy slin amayambitsidwa pansi pa vacuum. Monga w / cm ikuwonjezeka, kulumikizana ndi kuchuluka kwa pores ikulira, epoxy kwambiri imalowa mu phala. Timawunika ma flakes pansi pa maikulosikopu, pogwiritsa ntchito zosefera zapadera kuti tisangalatse utoto wa fluorestsnt mu epoxy zotumphukira zowonjezera. Mu zithunzizi, madera akuda amaimira tinthu tambiri ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kupachina kwa awiriwo ndi 0%. Wobiriwira wonyezimira wobiriwira ndiye mawonekedwe (osati padinji), ndipo chidwi chimakhala 100%. Chimodzi mwazinthu izi "mankhwala" obiriwira obiriwira "ndi phala (Chithunzi 2). Monga w / cm ndi capillary pregrete kuwonjezeka kwa konkriti, mtundu wobiriwira wapadera wa phala umakhala wowala bwino (onani Chithunzi 3).
Chithunzi 2. Fluorescence micrograph ya ma flakes akuwonetsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, v) ndikuyika. Mbali yozungulira yopingasa ndi ~ 1.5 mm. Chungwa qiao ndi drp, kampani yotumphuka
Chithunzi 3. Mafuta a fluorescence ma flakes akuwonetsa kuti ngati w / cm amawonjezera, phala lobiriwira pang'onopang'ono limawala. Zosakaniza izi zimakhazikika ndipo zimakhala ndi phulusa lauluka. Chungwa qiao ndi drp, kampani yotumphuka
Kusanthula chithunzi kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa zambiri kuchokera pazithunzi. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yambiri yasayansi, kuyambira kumakutu akutali. Pixel iliyonse mu chithunzi cha digito imakhala mfundo. Njira iyi imatilola kuti tiziphatikiza manambala osiyanasiyana owoneka bwino omwe amawoneka mu zithunzizi. Kwa zaka 20 zapitazi, ndi kusintha kwa ma comktop kuwononga mphamvu ndi digito, kusanthula chithunzi tsopano ndi chida chothandiza kuti akatswiri ambiri a microscopis (kuphatikizapo ma shopu) amatha kugwiritsa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa zithunzi kuyeza capillary tempry. Popita nthawi, tidapeza kuti pali kulumikizana kwamphamvu kwaumwini pakati pa W / cm ndi capillary mawonekedwe, monga chithunzi chotsatira (Chithunzi 4 ndi Chithunzi 5).
Chithunzi 4. Mwachitsanzo: Izi zithunzizi kuchuluka kwa ma pixel pa imvi yomwe imapatsidwa kachilombo kake. Nthambi zitatuzi zimagwirizana ndi ophatikizidwa (mapesi a lalanje), phala (imvi), ndi chopanda kanthu (chopanda kanthu) kumanja). Kupindika kwa phala kumalola kuti wina aziwerengera kukula kwapakati komanso kupatuka kwake kokwanira. Chumbyu qiao ndi drp, kupindika kampaniyo mwachidule. Chungwa qiao ndi drp, kampani yotumphuka
Pomaliza, mayeso atatu odziyimira amafunikira kutsimikizira kuti konkriti ya intaneti imagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe osakira. Monga momwe mungathere, pezani zitsanzo za pa malo omwe amakumana ndi njira zonse zovomerezeka, komanso zitsanzo zochokera pazogwirizana. Pakati pa utoto wovomerezeka ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsanzo chowongolera, ndipo mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ngati benchmark pofuna kutsatira mawonekedwe oyenera.
Mukudziwa zathu, pamene mainjiniya okhala ndi mbiriyakale amawona zomwe zalembedwazo, nthawi zambiri amavomereza kuyikapo ngati mikhalidwe ina yopanga (monga mphamvu yopondereza) imakwaniritsidwa. Popereka magawo a w / cm ndi mawonekedwe a mapangidwe, titha kupitirira mayesero omwe atchulidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti zosakaniza zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikhale zabwino.
David Rothtein, Ph.D., PG, Fooli ndi gawo lalikulu likulu la DRP, kampani yotupa. Ali ndi zaka zopitilira 25 zaukadaulo zomwe zimachitika ndipo amayesetsa kuyendera zitsanzo zoposa 10,000 kuyambira pa ntchito zoposa 2,000 padziko lonse lapansi. Dr. Chunyu Qao, wasayansi wamkulu wa DRP, kampani yopindika, yasayansi ndi zida zamagetsi ndi zida zoposa khumi zomwe zidachitikira zida ndi mwala. Ukadaulo wake umaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa zithunzi komanso ma flurescence microctopy kuti muphunzire kukhazikika kwa konkriti, ndikugogomeza kwambiri pazowonongeka zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mchere wopangidwa, ndipo kuwukira kwa mankhwala amoto.
Post Nthawi: Sep-07-2021