Kubweza msewu waukulu waku Arizona kupita ku Portland simenti konkire kungangotsimikizira phindu logwiritsa ntchito kugaya diamondi m'malo mongopera ndi kudzaza. Malingaliro akuwonetsa kuti pazaka 30, ndalama zosamalira zidzachepetsedwa ndi USD 3.9 biliyoni.
Nkhaniyi idachokera pa webinar yomwe idachitika koyamba pa International Grooving and Grinding Association (IGGA) Technical Conference mu Disembala 2020. Onani chiwonetsero chonse pansipa.
Anthu okhala kudera la Phoenix amafuna misewu yosalala, yokongola, komanso yabata. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukwera kwa chiwerengero cha anthu m’derali komanso kusakwanira kwa ndalama zoti zisungidwe, misewu ya m’derali yakhala ikutsika m’zaka khumi zapitazi. Dipatimenti ya Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) ikuphunzira njira zothetsera misewu yake yayikulu ndikupereka mitundu ya misewu yomwe anthu amayembekezera.
Phoenix ndi mzinda wachisanu wokhala ndi anthu ambiri ku United States, ndipo ukukulabe. Misewu ndi milatho yamzindawu ya makilomita 435 imasamalidwa ndi dera lapakati la Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), ambiri mwa misewu ikuluikulu ya misewu inayi yokhala ndi misewu yowonjezera yamagalimoto apamwamba (HOV). Ndi bajeti yomanga yokwana US$500 miliyoni pachaka, derali nthawi zambiri limapanga ntchito zomanga 20 mpaka 25 pamisewu yomwe ili ndi anthu ambiri chaka chilichonse.
Arizona yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito miyala ya konkriti kuyambira m'ma 1920. Konkire itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka zambiri ndipo imangofunika kukonza zaka 20-25 zilizonse. Kwa Arizona, zaka 40 zakuchita bwino zidathandizira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pomanga misewu yayikulu m'boma m'ma 1960. Panthawiyo, kukonza msewu ndi konkire kunkatanthauza kupanga malonda a phokoso la pamsewu. Panthawi imeneyi, pamwamba pa konkire imatsirizidwa ndi tinning (kukoka chitsulo chotengera pa konkire pamtunda wopita kumayendedwe a magalimoto), ndipo matayala oyendetsa pa konkire yotsekedwa adzatulutsa phokoso laphokoso, logwirizana. Mu 2003, pofuna kuthetsa vuto la phokoso, 1-in. Asphalt Rubber Friction Layer (AR-ACFC) idayikidwa pamwamba pa Portland Cement Concrete (PCC). Izi zimapereka mawonekedwe osasinthasintha, phokoso labata komanso kuyenda momasuka. Komabe, kusunga pamwamba pa AR-ACFC kwatsimikizira kukhala kovuta.
Mapangidwe a moyo wa AR-ACFC ndi pafupifupi zaka 10. Misewu ikuluikulu ya ku Arizona tsopano yaposa moyo wawo wopangidwa ndipo ikukalamba. Stratification ndi zovuta zokhudzana nazo zimabweretsa mavuto kwa madalaivala ndi Unduna wa Zamayendedwe. Ngakhale kuti delamination nthawi zambiri imapangitsa kuti msewu uwonongeke pafupifupi inchi imodzi (chifukwa phula la mphira wa 1-inch wapatukana ndi konkire yomwe ili pansipa), malo otsetsereka amawonedwa ngati pothole ndi anthu oyendayenda ndipo amawonedwa ngati ovuta kwambiri. vuto.
Pambuyo poyesa kupukuta kwa diamondi, malo a konkire a m'badwo wotsatira, ndikumaliza pamwamba pa konkire ndi chopukusira kapena micromilling, ADOT inatsimikiza kuti mawonekedwe aatali omwe amapezedwa ndi diamondi akupera amapereka mawonekedwe osangalatsa a corduroy ndi kuyendetsa bwino (Monga momwe zikuwonetsera ndi manambala otsika a IRI) ) ndi mpweya wochepa. Randy Everett ndi Arizona Department of Transportation
Arizona imagwiritsa ntchito International Roughness Index (IRI) kuyesa momwe msewu ulili, ndipo chiwerengerocho chatsika. (IRI ndi mtundu wa roughness statistical data, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi padziko lonse ndi mabungwe a dziko monga chisonyezero cha kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Malinga ndi miyeso ya IRI yomwe idachitika mu 2010, 72% yamisewu yayikulu mderali ili bwino. Pofika chaka cha 2018, chiwerengerochi chidatsika mpaka 53%. Misewu yapadziko lonse lapansi ikuwonetsanso kutsika. Kuyeza mu 2010 kunawonetsa kuti 68% ya misewu inali yabwino. Pofika 2018, chiwerengerochi chinali chitatsika mpaka 35%.
Mitengo itakwera—ndipo bajetiyo sinathe kukwanira—mu Epulo 2019, ADOT idayamba kufunafuna njira zosungirako zabwinoko kuposa m'bokosi lazida lapitalo. Pamipando yomwe idali yabwino mkati mwa zaka 10 mpaka 15 zenera la moyo - ndipo zikufunika kwambiri kuti dipatimentiyo isunge njira yomwe ilipo kuti ikhale yabwino - kuphatikiza kusindikiza phula, kusindikiza kusindikiza (kuyikapo njira yopyapyala). wosanjikiza wa kuwala, Pang'onopang'ono olimba phula emulsion), kapena kukonza maenje munthu. Pamipando yomwe imaposa moyo wapangidwe, njira imodzi ndiyo kupukuta phula lomwe lawonongeka ndikuyala phula latsopano la mphira. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukula kwa dera lomwe likufunika kukonzedwa, izi zikusonyeza kuti ndi zodula kwambiri. Cholepheretsa china ku njira iliyonse yomwe imafuna kugaya mobwerezabwereza pamwamba pa phula ndi chakuti zipangizo zopera zidzakhudza mosakayikira ndikuwononga konkire yapansi, ndipo kutayika kwa zinthu za konkire pamalumikizidwe ndizovuta kwambiri.
Kodi chingachitike ndi chiyani ngati Arizona ikabwerera ku PCC yoyambirira? ADOT ikudziwa kuti misewu yayikulu ya konkriti m'boma idapangidwa kuti ikhale yokhazikika kwanthawi yayitali. Dipatimentiyi inazindikira kuti ngati angagwiritse ntchito PCC yomwe ili pansi pake kuti akonze malo ake oyambirira okhala ndi mano kuti apange msewu wabata komanso wokwera, msewu wokonzedwawo ukhoza kukhalitsa ndipo umafunika kukonzedwa. Komanso ndi yochepa kwambiri kuposa phula.
Monga gawo la polojekitiyi pa SR 101 kumpoto kwa Phoenix, AR-ACFC wosanjikiza wachotsedwa, kotero ADOT anaika zigawo zinayi zoyesera kuti afufuze mayankho amtsogolo omwe adzagwiritse ntchito konkire yomwe ilipo pamene ikuwonetsetsa kusalala , Kukwera modekha ndi maonekedwe abwino a msewu. Dipatimentiyo idawunikanso kugaya kwa diamondi ndi Next Generation Concrete Surface (NGCS), kapangidwe ka dothi lokhazikika komanso mawonekedwe oyipa kapena otsikira pansi, omwe apangidwa ngati malo opangira konkriti opanda phokoso kwambiri. ADOT ikuganizanso kugwiritsa ntchito chopukusira chotsetsereka (njira yomwe makina amawongolera mayendedwe a mpira kumsewu kuti apititse patsogolo mikangano) kapena mphero yaying'ono kuti amalize konkriti. Pambuyo poyesa njira iliyonse, ADOT adatsimikiza kuti mawonekedwe aatali omwe amapezedwa ndi diamondi akupera amapereka mawonekedwe okondweretsa a corduroy komanso kukwera bwino (monga kuwonetseredwa ndi mtengo wotsika wa IRI) ndi phokoso lochepa. Njira yopera miyala ya diamondi yatsimikiziranso kuti ndi yofatsa kuti iteteze malo a konkire, makamaka ozungulira malo olumikizirana, omwe poyamba adawonongeka ndi mphero. Kugaya diamondi ndi njira yotsika mtengo.
Mu Meyi 2019, ADOT idaganiza zopera diamondi gawo laling'ono la SR 202 lomwe lili kumwera kwa Phoenix. Msewu wazaka 15 wa AR-ACFC unali wotakasuka komanso wosanjikiza moti miyala yotayira ankaponyedwa pagalasi lakutsogolo, ndipo madalaivala ankadandaula kuti galasi lakutsogolo likuwonongeka ndi miyala yowuluka tsiku lililonse. Kuchuluka kwa zonena zotayika m'derali ndikwambiri kuposa madera ena adzikoli. Msewuwu umakhalanso waphokoso kwambiri komanso wovuta kuyendetsa. ADOT idasankha zomaliza za diamondi zanjira ziwiri zakumanja kufupi ndi SR 202 theka la mailosi. Anagwiritsa ntchito ndowa yodzaza kuti achotse AR-ACFC wosanjikiza popanda kuwononga konkire pansipa. Dipatimentiyi idayesa bwino njirayi mu Epulo pomwe amakambirana njira zobwerera kumsewu wa PCC. Ntchitoyi itamalizidwa, woimira ADOT adawona kuti dalaivala akuchoka ku msewu wa AR-ACFC kupita ku msewu wa konkriti wa diamondi kuti adziwe kukwera bwino komanso kumveka bwino.
Ngakhale kuti si ntchito zonse zoyeserera zimene zamalizidwa, zimene apeza poyamba pamtengowo zikusonyeza kuti ndalama zimene zimasungidwa pogwiritsa ntchito miyala ya konkire ndi kugaya miyala ya diamondi kuti ziwonekere bwino, zizikhala zosalala, komanso zomveka bwino, zingachepetse kukonzanso ndi ndalama zokwana madola 3.9 biliyoni pachaka. Kupitilira zaka 30. Randy Everett ndi Arizona Department of Transportation
Panthawiyi, bungwe la Maricopa Government Association (MAG) lidatulutsa lipoti lowunika phokoso la misewu yayikulu komanso kuyendetsa bwino. Lipotilo limavomereza kuti n'zovuta kusunga misewu ya misewu ndikuyang'ana pa zizindikiro za phokoso la msewu. Chomaliza ndichakuti chifukwa phokoso la AR-ACFC limasowa mwachangu, "mankhwala a diamondi akuyenera kuganiziridwa m'malo mwakuti mphira wa phula." Chitukuko china chomwe chilipo nthawi imodzi ndi mgwirizano wogula zinthu zomwe zimalola kugaya diamondi Wopanga ntchitoyo adabweretsedwa kuti akonze ndi kumanga.
ADOT akukhulupirira kuti ndi nthawi yoti achitepo kanthu ndipo akukonzekera kuyambitsa ntchito yaikulu yopera diamondi pa SR 202 mu February 2020. Ntchitoyi ikuphatikizapo chigawo cha makilomita anayi, chokhala ndi njira zinayi, kuphatikizapo magawo otsetsereka. Malowa anali aakulu kwambiri moti sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito chojambulira kuchotsa phula, choncho makina ophera anagwiritsidwa ntchito. Dipatimentiyi imadula mizere mu phula la mphira kuti kontrakitala wogayo azigwiritsa ntchito ngati kalozera pamphero. Mwa kupanga kukhala kosavuta kwa woyendetsa kuti awone malo a PCC pansi pa chivundikirocho, zida za mphero zimatha kusinthidwa ndikuwonongeka kwa konkire yapansi kumatha kuchepetsedwa. Malo omaliza a diamondi a SR 202 amakwaniritsa miyezo yonse ya ADOT-ndi yabata, yosalala komanso yowoneka bwino-poyerekeza ndi malo a asphalt, mtengo wa IRI unali wabwino kwambiri m'ma 1920 ndi 1930. Phokoso lofananirali limatha kupezeka chifukwa ngakhale njira yatsopano ya AR-ACFC imakhala yabata pafupifupi 5 dB kuposa nthaka ya diamondi, njira ya AR-ACFC ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka 5 mpaka 9, zotsatira zake zoyezera zimafanana kapena kupitilira mulingo wa dB. Sikuti phokoso la malo atsopano a diamondi a SR 202 ndi lotsika kwambiri kwa oyendetsa, koma mseu wa m'mphepete mwa msewu umapangitsanso phokoso lochepa m'madera oyandikana nawo.
Kupambana kwa mapulojekiti awo oyambirira kudapangitsa ADOT kuyambitsa ntchito zina zitatu zoyesa kugaya diamondi. Kugaya diamondi kwa Loop 101 Price Freeway kwatha. Kugaya diamondi kwa Loop 101 Pima Freeway kudzachitika koyambirira kwa 2021, ndipo ntchito yomanga Loop 101 I-17 mpaka 75th Avenue ikuyembekezeka kuchitika zaka zisanu zikubwerazi. ADOT idzayang'anira momwe zinthu zonse zikuyendera kuti ayang'ane kuthandizira kwa olowa, ngati konkire yasweka, ndikukonza phokoso ndi kukwera.
Ngakhale kuti sizinthu zonse zoyesa zomwe zatsirizidwa, zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa mpaka pano zikuyenera kulingalira za kugaya diamondi ngati m'malo mwa kugaya ndi kudzaza. Zotsatira zoyambirira za kafukufuku wamtengo wapatali zikuwonetsa kuti ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito miyala ya konkriti ndi kugaya diamondi kuti ziwoneke bwino, zosalala komanso zomveka zitha kuchepetsa ndalama zolipirira ndi $ 3.9 biliyoni pazaka 30.
Pogwiritsira ntchito miyala ya konkire yomwe ilipo ku Phoenix, sikuti ndalama zokonza zowonongeka zingathe kuwonjezeredwa ndipo misewu yambiri imasungidwa bwino, koma kukhazikika kwa konkire kumatsimikizira kuti zosokoneza zokhudzana ndi kukonza misewu zimachepa. Chofunika kwambiri, anthu azitha kusangalala ndi malo oyendetsa bwino komanso opanda phokoso.
Randy Everett ndi woyang'anira dipatimenti wamkulu wa dipatimenti ya Transportation ku Central Arizona.
IGGA ndi bungwe lazamalonda lopanda phindu lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 1972 ndi gulu la akatswiri odzipereka amakampani, odzipereka pantchito yopanga miyala ya diamondi ndi grooving njira za simenti ya Portland ndi phula. Mu 1995, IGGA adalumikizana ndi American Concrete Pavement Association (ACPA), kupanga IGGA/ACPA Concrete Pavement Protection Partnership (IGGA/ACPA CP3). Masiku ano, mgwirizanowu ndiwotsogola paukadaulo komanso mtsogoleri wamakampani pakutsatsa kwapadziko lonse lapansi pamalo oyenda bwino, kukonza konkriti ndi chitetezo panjira. Ntchito ya IGGA ndikukhala ukadaulo wotsogola ndi chida cholimbikitsira pakuvomera ndikugwiritsa ntchito moyenera kugaya ndi kugwetsa diamondi, komanso kuteteza PCC ndikubwezeretsa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-08-2021