Osha alangizi amakonza ogwira ntchito kukonza, tag, ndi kuwongolera mphamvu zowopsa. Anthu ena sadziwa momwe angachitire izi, makina aliwonse amakhala osiyana. Zithunzi za Getty
Pakati pa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zilizonse za mafakitale, Lock / Tagout (Loto) silatsopano. Pokhapokha ngati mphamvu imasambitsidwira, palibe amene angayesere kupanga mtundu uliwonse wa kukonza kapena kuyesa kukonza makinawo kapena dongosolo. Ichi ndi chofunikira chabe pakuzindikira ndi ntchito yoteteza ndalama ndi thanzi (OSHA).
Musanagwire ntchito zokonza kapena kukonza, ndizosavuta kusokoneza makinawo chifukwa champhamvu - nthawi zambiri posiya kubereka, ndikutseka chitseko cha gululi. Powonjezera zilembo zomwe zimazindikiritsa ogwiritsa ntchito dzinalinso ndi nkhani yosavuta.
Ngati mphamvu sizingakhomedwe, zolembedwa zokha zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mulimonsemo, kaya ndi kapena wopanda chokhoka, zolembera zikuwonetsa kuti kukonza ndikuyenda ndipo chipangizocho sichinayendetsedwe.
Komabe, uku si kutha kwa lottery. Cholinga chonsechi sichongopeka gwero lamphamvu. Cholinga chake ndikutha kapena kumasula mphamvu zonse zowopsa - kugwiritsa ntchito mawu a Osha, kuti alamule mphamvu zowopsa.
POPANDA CHAKUKHALA CHIYANI chikufanizira zoopsa ziwiri. Pambuyo pa machedwe atazimitsidwa, tsamba lomwe limachokera ku masekondi angapo, ndipo liyimilira pomwe madzi osungidwa mu mota atha. Tsamba likhalabe lotentha kwa mphindi zochepa mpaka kutentha kumatha.
Monga momwe mapende amakanira magetsi ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, ntchito yothamanga m'makina (magetsi, hydraulic, ndi chibayo) imatha kusunga mphamvu ya hydraulic kapena ma pneumatic. Mwa madera, mphamvu zimatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Makina osiyanasiyana ogulitsa amafunikira kuwononga mphamvu zambiri. Zithunzi za Steel Aisi 1010 imatha kupirira zotsalira za 45,000 za ssi, makeketo oterewa akanikizidwa, nkhonya, manyowa, ndi zipatsi zipika ziyenera kupatsira mphamvu m'matumbo. Ngati kuzungulira komwe kumapangitsa kuti kampu ya hydraulic yatsekedwa ndikusakanizidwa, gawo la hyralialic la dongosolo lingatha kupereka 25,000 psi. Makina omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nkhungu kapena masamba, izi ndizokwanira kuphwanya kapena miyendo.
Chidebe chotseka ndi chidebe chamlengalenga ndi chowopsa monga mtolo wosakhazikika. Tsegulani valavu yolakwika ndi mphamvu yokoka imalanda. Mofananamo, matenda a chibayo amatha kusunga mphamvu zambiri zikazimitsidwa. Wopendekera papakatikatikati pakompyuta amatha kuyamwa kwa Amperes apano. Otsika ngati maenje 0,040, mtima umatha kusiya kumenya.
Kumasula bwino kapena kusintha kwa mphamvu ndi gawo lofunikira posiya mphamvu ndi mafuta. Kutulutsa kotetezeka kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowopsa kumafunikira kumvetsetsa kwa mfundo za dongosololi ndi tsatanetsatane wa makina omwe akuyenera kusungidwa kapena kukonza.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya hydraulic systems: lotseguka lotseguka ndi kutsekeka. M'dera lamafakitale, mitundu wamba yamapasi ndi magiya, ma vanes, ndi mapistoni. Silinda wa chida chogwira ntchito amatha kukhala osachita kapena kuchita kawiri. Makina a hydraulic amatha kukhala ndi mitundu itatu yamphamvu, yowongoletsera, ndikuwongolera mphamvu - chilichonse mwamitundu ino chili ndi mitundu yambiri. Pali zinthu zambiri zoti mumvere, motero ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino mtundu uliwonse kuti muthetse ziwopsezo zokhudzana ndi mphamvu.
Jay Robinson, eni ndi Purezidenti wa RBSA Fakitale, anati: "Wochita Hyraulic atha kuthamangitsidwa ndi valavu yotsekera pansi." "Chigwa cha solenoid chimatsegula valavu. Dongosololi likayenda, madzi amkati amatuluka ku zida mopanikizika kwambiri ndi thanki yopanikizika kwambiri, "adatero. . "Ngati dongosololi likutulutsa 2,000 psi ndi mphamvu imazimitsidwa, solenoid ipita pakatikati ndikutseka madoko onse. Mafuta sangathe kuyenda ndipo makinawa amayima, koma kachitidweko kamatha kukhala ndi ma psi 1,000 mbali iliyonse ya valavu iliyonse. "
Nthawi zina, akatswiri omwe amayesa kuchita zokonza kapena kukonza ali pachiwopsezo cha chiopsezo.
"Makampani ena ali ndi njira zofala kwambiri," adatero Robinson. Ambiri a iwo akuti katswiriyo akuyenera kusandutsa mphamvu za mphamvu, zitsekere, kenako ndikukanikizani batani kuti muyambe makinawo. " M'dziko lino, makinawa sangachite chilichonse - sichingatsegule ntchito yonyamula, ndikudula, kukonzanso ntchito kapena china chilichonse - chifukwa sichingathe. Valavu ya Hydraulic imayendetsedwa ndi valavu ya solenoid, yomwe imafuna magetsi. Kanikizani batani la Kuyambira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito gulu lowongolera kuti muyambitse gawo lililonse la hydraulic system sichingayambitse valavu yosadziwika ya solenoid solenoid.
Chachiwiri, ngati katswiri amamvetsetsa kuti ayenera kugwira ntchito yamasewera kuti asunge kukakamizidwa ndi Hydraulic, akhoza kumasula kukakamiza mbali imodzi ya kachitidwe ndikuganiza kuti watulutsa mphamvu zonse. M'malo mwake, magawo ena a kachitidwewo amatha kupirira zovuta mpaka 1,000 psi. Ngati kupsinjika uku kukuwonekera pachida cha kachitidweko, matesani angadabwe ngati apitilizabe kuchita zinthu zokonza ndipo mwinanso kuvulazidwa.
Mafuta a hydraulic sakukumbatira kwambiri, pafupifupi 0,5% pa PSI 1,000 PSI-koma pankhaniyi, zilibe kanthu.
"Ngati katswiri akamatulutsa mphamvu pa mbali ya wogwira, dongosolo lingasunthe chida mu stroko," Robinson anati. "Kutengera dongosolo, matenda a sitiroko akhoza kukhala 1/16 inchi kapena 16 mapazi."
"Mphamvu ya hyraulic ndi mphamvu yochulukitsa, kotero dongosolo lomwe limatulutsa 1,000 psi imatha kukweza katundu wolemera, monga mapaundi 3,000," adatero Robinson. Pankhaniyi, ngoziyo si yayamba mwangozi. Chiwopsezo ndikumasula kukakamizidwa ndikuchepetsa katundu. Kupeza njira yochepetsera katundu musanakumane ndi dongosololo kungaoneke mwadongosolo, koma zolembedwa za ASHA ioneni kuti kuzindikira komwe kumatanthauza nthawi zonse kumakhala kopambana pazinthu izi. Ku Osha Jatha, 142877.015, "Wogwira ntchito akusinthanso. Boom idaponya mwachangu ndikugunda wogwira ntchitoyo, ndikuphwanya mutu wake, torso ndi mikono. Wogwira ntchito adaphedwa. "
Kuphatikiza pa akasinja a mafuta, mapampu, mavavu, zilonda, zida zina za hydraulic zimakhalanso ndi zowerengera. Monga momwe dzinalo limanenera, limadzaza mafuta a hydraulic. Ntchito yake ndikusintha kupanikizika kapena kuchuluka kwa dongosolo.
"Munthu wowerengeka amakhala ndi zigawo ziwirizi: thumba la mlengalenga mkati mwa thankiyo," Robinson adatero. "Mbewu yairbag imadzala ndi nayitrogeni. Pa ntchito yabwinobwino, mafuta a hydralialic amalowa ndikutuluka thankiyo pomwe kupanikizika kumawonjezeka ndikuchepa. " Kaya madzi amalowa kapena kusiya thanki, kapena ngati zimasamutsidwa, zimatengera kusiyana pakati pa kachitidwe ndi mlengalenga.
Jack Miles, "anatero Jack milungu, woyambitsa madziwo kuphunzira. "Ngwizi ya Shawpulator imagwera nsonga, pomwe kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kumapangitsa kuti dongosolo lizithamangitsidwa mwadzidzidzi kuthawa."
Kuti mugwire ntchito pa kachitidwe kotere osavulala, katswiri woyenera ayenera kudziwa kuti dongosololi lili ndi kandator komanso momwe angamasulire kukakamizidwa.
Kuti mumveke nkhawa, ogwiritsa ntchito osungira ayenera kusamala kwambiri. Chifukwa chikwama cha mpweya chimaphatikizidwa ndi kukakamiza kwakukulu kuposa kuponderezedwa, kusokonekera kwa valavu kumatanthauza kuti zitha kuwonjezera dongosolo. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi valavu yokhetsa.
"Palibe yankho labwino pavutoli, chifukwa 99% ya machitidwe sapereka njira yotsimikizira kuti atsimikizire kuti awonetsetse bwino. Komabe, mapulogalamu othandizira kukonza amatha kupereka njira zodzipewera. "Mutha kuwonjezera valavu pambuyo pogulitsa madzi omwe angapangidwe," adatero.
Katswiri wogwira ntchito yemwe samazindikira Airbags a Duptar angafune kuwonjezera mpweya, koma izi ndizoletsedwa. Vuto ndilakuti ma eirbags awa ali ndi mavesi a ku America, omwe ali ofanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamatayala agalimoto.
"Nthawi zambiri mwaokha amatenga ndalama kuti achenjeze kuwonjezera mpweya, koma atatha zaka zingapo akuchita opareshoni, zosankha zambiri zimasowa kale," ziphuphu zidatero.
Vuto linanso ndikugwiritsa ntchito mavesi amtundu wa anthu owonjezera. Pa mavuvu ambiri, kuzungulira mozungulira kumawonjezera kupanikizika; Pa zokwanira mavesi, zinthu zili choncho.
Pomaliza, zida zam'manja ziyenera kukhala zowonjezera. Chifukwa cha zovuta za malo ndi zopinga, opanga ayenera kukhala opanga momwe angapangire dongosololi ndi komwe angayike zigawo. Zina zikuluzikulu zimatha kubisidwa pamaso pake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisudzo zizikhala zovuta kuposa zida zokhazikika kuposa zida zokhazikika.
Makina osokoneza bongo amakhala ndi zoopsa zonse za Hydralialic. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti hydraulic system imatha kupanga kutayikira, ndikupanga ndege yamadzimadzi yokwanira kuphatikizira mkati kuti mulowe mu zovala ndi khungu. M'malo opanga mafakitale, "zovala" zimaphatikizapo nsapato za nsapato. Mafuta a hydraulic kulowamo omwe amavulala amafunikira chisamaliro chamankhwala ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunikira kuchipatala.
Matenda a chibayo amakhalanso oopsa. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti, "Eya, ndi mpweya" ndipo uzichita nawo mosasamala.
"Anthu amamva mapampu a chibayo amayenda, koma sakambirana mphamvu zonse pampu zimalowa mu kachitidwe," milungu ina inatero. "Mphamvu zonse ziyenera kupita kwinakwake, ndipo mphamvu yamadzi yamadzi ndi mphamvu yochulukitsa. Pa 50 PSI, silinda yokhala ndi malo a 10 lalikulu limatha kupanga mphamvu zokwanira kusuntha mapaundi 500. Katundu. " Monga tonse tikudziwa, ogwira ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito izi dongosolo lino likuphulika zinyalala kuchokera ku zovala.
"M'makampani ambiri, ichi ndi chifukwa chothana msanga," masabata anati. Ananenanso kuti ndege yamlengalenga idachotsedwa ku chibayo imatha kupha khungu ndi minofu ina ku mafupa.
"Ngati pali kutayikira mu chibayo, kaya ndi kolumikizana kapena kudzera mu nthongo, palibe amene adzazindikira," adatero. "Makinawa ndi omveka kwambiri, othandiza amamva chitetezo, ndipo palibe amene amamva kutayikira." Kungosankha payipi ndi ngozi. Mosasamala kanthu kuti dongosolo likuyenda kapena ayi, magolovesi a chikopa amafunikira kuti azitha kuthana ndi hose ya chibayo.
Vuto lina ndikuti chifukwa mpweya umakhala wotchuka kwambiri, ngati mutatsegula valavu yokhazikika, dongosolo lotseka limatha kusunga mphamvu zokwanira kuti muthe kuthamanga kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuyambiranso chida mobwerezabwereza.
Ngakhale magetsi amagetsi - kusuntha kwa ma elekitoni pomwe akusunthira mu wochititsa-akuwoneka kuti ndi dziko losiyana ndi fiziki, sichoncho. Lamulo loyamba la Nyumbo la Newton likugwiranso ntchito: "Chinthu choyimilira chimakhala chokhazikika, ndipo chinthu chosunthira chimasunthira liwiro lofananalo ndipo mbali yomweyo, pokhapokha atapatsidwa mphamvu yosatha."
Pa mfundo yoyamba, dera lililonse, ngakhale atakhala ophweka, angakane njira yapano. Kutsutsa kumalepheretsa kutuluka kwapano, kotero pamene dera litatsekedwa (chikhazikitso), kukana kumalepheretsa dera. Madera akayatsidwa, zamakono sizimayenda kudutsa nthawi yomweyo; Zimatenga kanthawi kochepa kwambiri kuti muthe kuthana ndi kukana ndi kutuluka.
Pa chifukwa chomwechi, dera lililonse limakhala ndi muyeso wina, ofanana ndi chinthu chosunthira. Kutseka kusintha sikuyimira nthawi yomweyo; Zomwe zikuchitika zikuyenda, osachepera pang'ono.
Mabwalo ena amagwiritsa ntchito ma cartactors kuti azisunga magetsi; Ntchitoyi ndi yofanana ndi ya hydraulic yopanga mphamvu. Malinga ndi mtengo wovota wa capicator, imatha kusunga mphamvu yamagetsi kwa nthawi yayitali yamagetsi. Kwa madera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina ogulitsa, nthawi yonyansa ya mphindi 20 sizotheka, ndipo ena angafunike nthawi yambiri.
Kwa chitope choyala, Robinson chikuyerekeza kuti mphindi 15 zitha kukhala zokwanira mphamvu zosungidwa m'dongosolo lomwe limapangitsa kuti musungunuke. Kenako pangani cheke chosavuta ndi voltmeter.
"Pali zinthu ziwiri zolumikiza votistter," Robinson anati. "Choyamba, chimapangitsa katswiriyo kudziwa ngati dongosolo litsala ndi mphamvu. Chachiwiri, chimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yotulutsa. Kuyenda kwamakono kuchokera mbali imodzi ya mita mpaka ina, kuwononga mphamvu iliyonse. "
Pazinthu zabwino kwambiri, akatswiri amaphunzitsidwa bwino, odziwa zambiri, komanso kufikira zikalata zonse zamakina. Ali ndi loko, chiphaso, komanso kumvetsetsa bwino ntchito yomwe ili pafupi. Zoyenera, amagwira ntchito ndi oyang'anira chitetezo kuti apereke zoopsa kuti apewe ngozi ndikupereka chithandizo chamankhwala pomwe mavuto amachitika.
Chochitika chachikulu kwambiri ndikuti matesalo amasamalitsidwa ndi luso, ntchito kumalo okhala, motero amasadziwa zida zapadera, lowani ofesi kumapeto kwa sabata, ndipo mabuku sapezekanso. Uwu ndi vuto lamvula, ndipo kampani iliyonse yokhala ndi zida zamagetsi ziyenera kuchita chilichonse kuti mupewe.
Makampani omwe amakula, amapanga, ndikugulitsa zida zachitetezo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi luso la chitetezo, kotero kudzifufuza kwa mankhwalawa kumathandizanso kukonza ntchito yokonzanso ntchito ndikukonzanso.
Eric Bongo adalowa mu dipatimenti ya Ethertial of the chubu & Mapazi pa 2000 ngati mkonzi wothandizira. Udindo wake waukulu umaphatikizapo kusintha zolemba zaukadaulo pa zipatso ndi kupanga, komanso kafukufuku wolemba ndi makampani. Okwezeka kwa mkonzi mu 2007.
Asanalowe nawo magaziniyi, adatumikira ku US Air Force kwa zaka 5 (1985-1990), ndipo adagwira ntchito yopenda kwa zaka 6, woyamba monga wolemba kasitomala ndipo pambuyo pa wolemba katswiri wa katswiri ( 1994 -2000).
Anaphunzira ku yunivesite ya Illinois ku Dekalb, Illinois, ndipo adalandira digiri ya Bachelor muchuma mu 1994.
Tube & Mapaipe Journation idakhala magazini yoyamba yomwe idadzipereka potumizira makampani achitsulo mu 1990. Masiku ano, ndi buku lokhalo lodzipereka kwa akatswiri ojambula.
Tsopano mutha kupeza mtundu wonse wa nsalu komanso kupeza zinthu zofunikira mosavuta.
Zogulitsa zamtengo wapatali tsopano zimatha kupezeka mosavuta kudzera mu mtundu wa digito wa chubu cha chubu & magazi.
Sangalalani ndi mwayi wofikira ku digito yokhazikika mu buku la magazini, lomwe limapereka patsogolo ntchito yaposachedwa, njira zabwino ndi nkhani zamakampani ogulitsa zitsulo.
Post Nthawi: Aug-30-2021