Nthawi zina ming'alu imafunika kukonzedwa, koma pali zosankha zambiri, timapanga bwanji ndikusankha njira yabwino yokonzera? Izi sizovuta monga momwe mukuganizira.
Pambuyo pofufuza ming'alu ndikuzindikira zolinga zokonzekera, kupanga kapena kusankha zipangizo zabwino kwambiri zokonzera ndi njira zosavuta. Chidule ichi cha zosankha zokonza ming'alu chimaphatikizapo njira zotsatirazi: kuyeretsa ndi kudzaza, kuthira ndi kusindikiza / kudzaza, jekeseni wa epoxy ndi polyurethane, kudzichiritsa, ndi "palibe kukonza".
Monga tafotokozera mu "Gawo 1: Momwe mungayang'anire ndi kuthetsa ming'alu ya konkire", kufufuza ming'alu ndi kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa ming'alu ndi chinsinsi chosankha ndondomeko yabwino yokonza ming'alu. Mwachidule, zinthu zofunika kwambiri popanga ng'anjo yoyenera ndi kuchuluka kwa mng'alu wapakati (kuphatikiza kucheperako komanso m'lifupi mwake) komanso kudziwa ngati ng'anjoyo ikugwira ntchito kapena yagona. Zoonadi, cholinga cha kukonza ng’alu n’chofunika mofanana ndi kuyeza m’lifupi mwa ng’anjo ya ng’alu ndi kudziŵa kuthekera kwa kusuntha kwa crack m’tsogolo.
Ming'alu yogwira ikuyenda ndikukula. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo ming'alu yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi kutsika kosalekeza kwa nthaka kapena ming'alu yomwe imakhala yocheperako / yowonjezera ziwalo za konkire kapena zomanga. Ming'alu yogona imakhala yokhazikika ndipo sakuyembekezeka kusintha m'tsogolomu. Nthawi zambiri, kusweka kwa konkire komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa konkire kudzakhala kogwira ntchito kwambiri pachiyambi, koma pamene chinyezi cha konkire chimakhazikika, pamapeto pake chidzakhazikika ndikulowa m'malo ogona. Kuonjezera apo, ngati mipiringidzo yachitsulo yokwanira (ma rebars, zitsulo zachitsulo, kapena macroscopic synthetic fibers) idutsa m'ming'alu, mayendedwe amtsogolo adzawongoleredwa ndipo ming'aluyo imatha kuonedwa kuti yangokhala chete.
Pa ming'alu yogona, gwiritsani ntchito zida zomangira zolimba kapena zosinthika. Ming'alu yogwira ntchito imafunikira zida zosinthira zosinthika komanso malingaliro apadera apangidwe kuti alole kusuntha kwamtsogolo. Kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zokonzekera zolimba za ming'alu yogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kusweka kwa zinthu zokonzekera ndi / kapena konkire yoyandikana nayo.
Chithunzi 1. Pogwiritsa ntchito nsonga za singano zosakaniza (No. 14, 15 ndi 18), zipangizo zochepetsera zowonongeka zingathe kulowetsedwa mosavuta mu ming'alu ya tsitsi popanda waya Kelton Glewwe, Roadware, Inc.
Zoonadi, ndikofunikira kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kusweka ndikuwona ngati kung'ambako kuli kofunika kwambiri. Ming'alu yomwe imasonyeza zotheka kupanga, tsatanetsatane, kapena zolakwika za zomangamanga zingapangitse anthu kuda nkhawa ndi mphamvu yonyamula katundu ndi chitetezo cha nyumbayo. Mitundu iyi ya ming'alu imatha kukhala yofunika mwamapangidwe. Kusweka kungayambitsidwe ndi katundu, kapena kungakhale kokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa voliyumu ya konkire, monga kutsika kowuma, kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha ndi kuchepa, ndipo kungakhale kapena kusakhala kofunikira. Musanasankhe njira yokonza, dziwani chifukwa chake ndikuganizira kufunika kwa kusweka.
Kukonza ming'alu yobwera chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, kamangidwe kake, ndi zolakwika za zomangamanga sikungachitike ndi nkhani yosavuta. Izi nthawi zambiri zimafuna kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane kamangidwe ndipo zingafunike kukonzanso mwapadera.
Kubwezeretsa kukhazikika kwapangidwe kapena kukhulupirika kwa zigawo za konkire, kuteteza kutayikira kapena kusindikiza madzi ndi zinthu zina zovulaza (monga mankhwala a deicing), kupereka chithandizo cha m'mphepete mwa ming'alu, ndikuwongolera maonekedwe a ming'alu ndi zolinga zokonzanso. Poganizira zolinga izi, kukonza kumatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:
Chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa konkire yowonekera komanso konkriti yomanga, kufunikira kwa kukonza ming'alu yodzikongoletsera kukukulirakulira. Nthawi zina kukonza kukhulupirika ndi kusindikiza / kudzaza ming'alu kumafunikanso kukonza mawonekedwe. Tisanasankhe luso lokonzekera, tiyenera kufotokozera cholinga cha kukonza ming'alu.
Musanapange kukonza ng’anjo kapena kusankha njira yokonza ming’alu, mafunso anayi ofunika kwambiri ayenera kuyankhidwa. Mukayankha mafunso awa, mutha kusankha mosavuta njira yokonza.
Chithunzi 2. Pogwiritsa ntchito tepi ya scotch, mabowo obowola, ndi chubu chosakaniza mphira-mutu cholumikizidwa ndi mfuti ya m'manja ya mbiya ziwiri, zowonongeka zimatha kulowetsa mu ming'alu ya mizere yabwino pansi pa kupanikizika kochepa. Kelton Glewwe, Roadware, Inc.
Njira yosavutayi yakhala yotchuka, makamaka kukonzanso mtundu wa nyumba, chifukwa zipangizo zokonzekera zokhala ndi viscosity yochepa kwambiri zilipo tsopano. Popeza zida zokonzetserazi zimatha kulowa m'ming'alu yopapatiza kwambiri ndi mphamvu yokoka, palibe chifukwa chopangira mawaya (ie kukhazikitsa sikweya kapena chosungira chosindikizira chooneka ngati V). Popeza mawaya safunikira, m'lifupi mwake kukonzanso komaliza ndi kofanana ndi m'lifupi mwake, zomwe siziwoneka bwino kuposa ming'alu ya waya. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito maburashi a waya ndi kuyeretsa vacuum ndikofulumira komanso kopanda ndalama zambiri kuposa mawaya.
Choyamba, yeretsani ming'alu kuti muchotse zinyalala ndi zinyalala, ndiyeno mudzaze ndi kukonzanso zinthu zochepetsetsa. Wopangayo wapanga kachidutswa kakang'ono kakang'ono kosanganikirana kolumikizana ndi mfuti yopopera m'manja yapawiri-mbiya kuti ayike zida zokonzera (chithunzi 1). Ngati nsonga ya mphunoyo ndi yayikulu kuposa m'lifupi mwake, ming'alu ina ingafunike kuti ipange nsonga ya pamwamba kuti igwirizane ndi kukula kwa nsongayo. Yang'anani mamasukidwe akayendedwe muzolemba za wopanga; ena opanga amanena osachepera m'lifupi mng'alu zakuthupi. Kuyesedwa mu centipoise, pamene mtengo wa viscosity umachepetsa, zinthuzo zimakhala zowonda kapena zosavuta kuyenda muming'alu yopapatiza. Njira yosavuta yochepetsera jekeseni yotsika ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kukhazikitsa zinthu zokonzekera (onani Chithunzi 2).
Chithunzi 3. Mawaya ndi kusindikiza kumaphatikizapo choyamba kudula chidebe chosindikizira ndi tsamba lalikulu kapena V, ndikuchidzaza ndi chosindikizira choyenera kapena chodzaza. Monga momwe tawonetsera pachithunzichi, ming'alu yodutsa imadzazidwa ndi polyurethane, ndipo itatha kuchiritsa, imakanda ndikupukuta ndi pamwamba. Kim Basham
Iyi ndiye njira yodziwika bwino yokonzera ming'alu yakutali, yabwino komanso yayikulu (chithunzi 3). Ndiko kukonza kosamangika komwe kumaphatikizapo kukulitsa ming'alu (wiring) ndikudzaza ndi zosindikizira zoyenera kapena zodzaza. Kutengera kukula ndi mawonekedwe a chosungira chosindikizira komanso mtundu wa chosindikizira kapena chodzaza chogwiritsidwa ntchito, mawaya ndi kusindikiza amatha kukonza ming'alu yokhazikika ndi ming'alu yogona. Njirayi ndiyabwino kwambiri pazopingasa zopingasa, koma itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito poyang'ana zoyima ndi zida zokonzetsera zosagwedera.
Zida zokonzekera zoyenera ndi epoxy, polyurethane, silikoni, polyurea, ndi polima matope. Pa slab yapansi, wopangayo ayenera kusankha chinthu chokhala ndi kusinthasintha koyenera ndi kuuma kapena kuuma kwake kuti zigwirizane ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe akuyembekezeredwa komanso kusuntha kwamtsogolo. Pamene kusinthasintha kwa chosindikizira kumawonjezeka, kulolerana kwa kufalikira kwa mng'alu ndi kuyenda kumawonjezeka, koma mphamvu yonyamula katundu ndi chithandizo cha m'mphepete mwa crack chidzachepa. Pamene kuuma kumawonjezeka, mphamvu yonyamula katundu ndi chithandizo cha m'mphepete mwa ming'alu chimawonjezeka, koma kulolerana kwa ming'alu kumachepa.
Chithunzi 1. Pamene mtengo wa kuuma kwa Mphepete mwa zinthu ukuwonjezeka, kuuma kapena kuuma kwa zinthu kumawonjezeka ndipo kusinthasintha kumachepa. Pofuna kupewa ming'alu ya ming'alu yomwe imayang'anizana ndi magalimoto olimba kuti isasunthike, pakufunika kulimba kwa M'mphepete mwa nyanja pafupifupi 80. Kim Basham amakonda zida zopangira zolimba (zodzaza) zokhala ndi ming'alu yokhazikika pamagalimoto olimba, chifukwa m'mphepete mwa ming'alu ndi bwino monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1. Kwa ming'alu yogwira ntchito, zosindikizira zosinthika zimasankhidwa, koma mphamvu yonyamula katundu wa sealant ndi Thandizo laling'ono ndilochepa. Mtengo wa kuuma kwa Shore umagwirizana ndi kuuma (kapena kusinthasintha) kwa zinthu zokonzetsera. Pamene mtengo wa kuuma kwa Mphepete umawonjezeka, kuuma (kuuma) kwa zinthu zokonzanso kumawonjezeka ndipo kusinthasintha kumachepa.
Kwa fractures yogwira ntchito, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a nkhokwe yosindikizira ndizofunika monga kusankha chosindikizira choyenera chomwe chingagwirizane ndi kayendetsedwe ka fracture yomwe ikuyembekezeka m'tsogolomu. Chomwe chimapangidwira ndi gawo la gawo la chosungira chosindikizira. Nthawi zambiri, pazosindikiza zosinthika, mawonekedwe omwe akulimbikitsidwa ndi 1: 2 (0.5) ndi 1: 1 (1.0) (onani Chithunzi 2). Kuchepetsa mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe (powonjezera m'lifupi molingana ndi kuya) kumachepetsa kupsinjika kwa sealant komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa mng'alu. Ngati kuchuluka kwa zosindikizira kucheperachepera, kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa mng'alu komwe chosindikizira chingathe kupirira kumawonjezeka. Kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe omwe akulimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga kuwonetsetsa kuti chisindikizocho chikule bwino popanda kulephera. Ngati pakufunika, ikani ndodo zothandizira thovu kuti muchepetse kuya kwa chosindikizira ndikuthandizira kupanga mawonekedwe otalikirapo a "hourglass".
Kutalika kololedwa kwa chosindikizira kumachepa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe. Kwa inchi 6. Mbale yokhuthala yokhala ndi kuya kwathunthu kwa mainchesi 0.020. Mawonekedwe a nkhokwe yosweka popanda chosindikizira ndi 300 (6.0 mainchesi/0.020 mainchesi = 300). Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake ming'alu yogwira ntchito yosindikizidwa ndi chosindikizira chosinthika popanda tanki yosindikizira nthawi zambiri imalephera. Ngati palibe nkhokwe, ngati kufalikira kwa mng'alu kukuchitika, kupsyinjikako kumadutsa msanga mphamvu ya chosindikizira. Kwa ming'alu yogwira ntchito, nthawi zonse mugwiritseni ntchito chosungira chosindikizira chokhala ndi mawonekedwe omwe akulimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga sealant.
Chithunzi 2. Kuchulukitsa m'lifupi mpaka kuya kwa chiŵerengero kudzawonjezera mphamvu ya sealant kupirira mphindi zosweka zamtsogolo. Gwiritsani ntchito mawonekedwe a 1: 2 (0.5) ku 1: 1 (1.0) kapena monga momwe akulimbikitsira wopanga zosindikizira kuti azitha ming'alu yogwira ntchito kuti atsimikizire kuti zinthuzo zikhoza kutambasula bwino pamene m'lifupi mwake ming'alu ikukula m'tsogolomu. Kim Basham
Ma jekeseni a epoxy resin kapena amawotcherera ming'alu yopapatiza ngati mainchesi 0.002 ndikubwezeretsa kukhulupirika kwa konkriti, kuphatikiza mphamvu ndi kukhazikika. Njirayi ikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kapu ya utomoni wosasunthika kuti muchepetse ming'alu, kuika madoko a jekeseni mu borebole pafupi ndi ming'alu yopingasa, yoyima kapena yamtunda, ndi jekeseni wa epoxy resin (chithunzi 4).
Mphamvu yamphamvu ya epoxy resin imaposa 5,000 psi. Pachifukwa ichi, jakisoni wa epoxy resin amaonedwa ngati kukonza kwadongosolo. Komabe, jakisoni wa epoxy resin sidzabwezeretsanso mphamvu zamapangidwe, komanso silingalimbikitse konkriti yomwe yasweka chifukwa cha zolakwika zamapangidwe kapena zomangamanga. Epoxy resin sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kubaya ming'alu kuti athetse mavuto okhudzana ndi mphamvu yonyamula katundu ndi zovuta zachitetezo.
Chithunzi 4. Musanayambe kubaya utomoni wa epoxy, mng'alu uyenera kuphimbidwa ndi utomoni wosasunthika wa epoxy kuti muchepetse utomoni wa epoxy. Pambuyo jekeseni, kapu ya epoxy imachotsedwa ndikupera. Kawirikawiri, kuchotsa chivundikirocho kudzasiya zizindikiro za abrasion pa konkire. Kim Basham
Jekeseni wa epoxy resin ndi wokhazikika, wokonza mozama, ndipo ming'alu yake imakhala yamphamvu kuposa konkire yoyandikana nayo. Ngati ming'alu yogwira ntchito kapena ming'alu yomwe imakhala ngati yochepetsera kapena yowonjezera ibayidwa, ming'alu ina imayembekezereka kupanga pambali kapena kutali ndi ming'alu yokonzedwa. Ingolowetsani ming'alu yosalala kapena ming'alu yokhala ndi mipiringidzo yokwanira yachitsulo yomwe imadutsa ming'aluyo kuti muchepetse kusuntha kwamtsogolo. Gome lotsatirali likufotokozera mwachidule zofunikira zosankhidwa za njira yokonza iyi ndi njira zina zokonzera.
Utoto wa polyurethane ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza ming'alu yonyowa komanso yotuluka ngati mainchesi 0.002. Njira yokonza iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poletsa kutayikira kwamadzi, kuphatikiza jekeseni wokhazikika wokhazikika mumng'alu, womwe umaphatikizana ndi madzi kuti apange gel otupa, kutulutsa kutayikira ndikusindikiza ming'alu (chithunzi 5). Ma resin awa amathamangitsa madzi ndikulowa muming'alu yaying'ono ndi ma pores a konkriti kuti apange mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi konkriti yonyowa. Kuphatikiza apo, polyurethane yochiritsidwa imasinthasintha ndipo imatha kupirira kusuntha kwamtsogolo. Njira yokonza iyi ndi kukonzanso kosatha, koyenera ming'alu yogwira ntchito kapena ming'alu yogona.
Chithunzi 5. Jakisoni wa polyurethane umaphatikizapo kubowola, kuyika madoko a jekeseni ndi jekeseni wamagetsi a resin. Utotowo umakhudzidwa ndi chinyezi mu konkriti kupanga chithovu chokhazikika komanso chosinthika, kutseka ming'alu, ngakhale ming'alu yotuluka. Kim Basham
Kwa ming'alu yokhala ndi m'lifupi mwake pakati pa 0.004 inchi ndi 0.008 inchi, iyi ndi njira yachilengedwe yokonza ming'alu pamaso pa chinyezi. Kuchiritsa kumachitika chifukwa cha tinthu tating'ono ta simenti tambiri timene timatulutsa chinyezi ndikupanga insoluble calcium hydroxide leaching kuchokera ku simenti slurry kupita kumtunda ndikuchitapo kanthu ndi carbon dioxide mumlengalenga wozungulira kupanga calcium carbonate pamwamba pa ming'alu. 0.004 pa. Patapita masiku angapo, mng'alu waukulu akhoza kuchira, 0.008 mainchesi. Ming'alu imatha kuchira pakatha milungu ingapo. Ngati mng'alu umakhudzidwa ndi madzi othamanga komanso kuyenda, kuchiritsa sikudzachitika.
Nthawi zina "palibe kukonza" ndiyo njira yabwino yokonzera. Sikuti ming'alu yonse iyenera kukonzedwa, ndipo kuyang'anira ming'alu kungakhale njira yabwino kwambiri. Ngati ndi kotheka, ming'alu ikhoza kukonzedwa pambuyo pake.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-03-2021