Zida zonyamula zimatha kukonzedwa ndi magalasi a fiberglass / vinyl ester kapena kaboni fiber / epoxy prepreg yosungidwa kutentha komanso zida zochiritsira zoyendetsedwa ndi batri. #insidemanufacturing #infrastructure
Kukonzekera kwa chigamba cha UV-ochiritsika Ngakhale kuti kaboni fiber / epoxy prepreg kukonza kopangidwa ndi Custom Technologies LLC kwa mlatho wophatikizika wa infield kunakhala kosavuta komanso kwachangu, kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi opangidwa ndi magalasi olimbikitsidwa ndi UV-curable vinyl ester resin Prepreg yapanga njira yosavuta. Gwero la zithunzi: Custom Technologies LLC
Milatho yoyendetsedwa ndi ma modular ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwausilikali ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake pakachitika masoka achilengedwe. Zomangamanga zophatikizika zikuphunziridwa kuti zichepetse kulemera kwa milatho yotere, potero kuchepetsa kulemetsa kwa magalimoto oyendera ndi njira zotsitsimutsa. Poyerekeza ndi milatho yachitsulo, zipangizo zophatikizika zimakhalanso ndi mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zonyamula katundu ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki.
The Advanced Modular Composite Bridge (AMCB) ndi chitsanzo. Seemann Composites LLC (Gulfport, Mississippi, US) ndi Materials Sciences LLC (Horsham, PA, US) amagwiritsa ntchito carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy laminates (Chithunzi 1). ) Kupanga ndi kumanga). Komabe, kuthekera kokonzanso zomanga zoterezi m'munda yakhala nkhani yomwe imalepheretsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa zida zophatikizika.
Chithunzi cha 1 Composite Bridge, key infield asset Advanced Modular Composite Bridge (AMCB) inapangidwa ndi kumangidwa ndi Seemann Composites LLC ndi Materials Sciences LLC pogwiritsa ntchito carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites. Gwero la zithunzi: Seeman Composites LLC (kumanzere) ndi US Army (kumanja).
Mu 2016, Custom Technologies LLC (Millersville, MD, US) inalandira thandizo la US Army Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase 1 yothandizidwa ndi asilikali ankhondo kuti apange njira yokonza yomwe ikhoza kuchitidwa bwino pamalopo ndi asilikali. Kutengera njira iyi, gawo lachiwiri la thandizo la SBIR linaperekedwa mu 2018 kuti liwonetse zipangizo zatsopano ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito batri, ngakhale chigambacho chikachitidwa ndi novice popanda maphunziro asanayambe, 90% kapena zambiri za dongosololi likhoza kubwezeretsedwanso mphamvu yaiwisi. Kuthekera kwaukadaulo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane, kusankha kwazinthu, kupanga zitsanzo ndi ntchito zoyeserera zamakina, komanso kukonza pang'ono komanso kukonzanso kwathunthu.
Wofufuza wamkulu m'magawo awiri a SBIR ndi Michael Bergen, woyambitsa komanso Purezidenti wa Custom Technologies LLC. Bergen adapuma pantchito ku Carderock wa Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) ndipo adatumikira mu Dipatimenti ya Structures and Equipment kwa zaka 27, komwe adayang'anira chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amagulu muzombo zankhondo za US Navy. Dr. Roger Crane adalowa mu Custom Technologies mu 2015 atapuma pantchito ku US Navy ku 2011 ndipo wakhala akugwira ntchito kwa zaka 32. Ukadaulo wake wazinthu zophatikizika umaphatikizapo zofalitsa zaukadaulo ndi zovomerezeka, zomwe zimakhudza mitu monga zida zatsopano zophatikizika, kupanga ma prototype, njira zolumikizirana, zida zophatikizika zambiri, kuwunikira zaumoyo, komanso kubwezeretsanso zinthu zambiri.
Akatswiri awiriwa apanga njira yapadera yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zophatikizira kukonza ming'alu ya aluminiyamu yapamwamba ya Ticonderoga CG-47 kalasi yotsogolera missile cruiser 5456. "Njirayi idapangidwa kuti ichepetse kukula kwa ming'alu ndikukhala ngati njira yachuma m'malo mwa bolodi ya nsanja ya 2 mpaka 4 miliyoni madola," adatero Bergen. "Chotero tidatsimikizira kuti timadziwa kukonza kunja kwa labotale komanso m'malo ogwirira ntchito. Koma vuto ndilakuti njira zamakono zankhondo sizikuyenda bwino kwambiri. Njirayi ndi yolumikizidwa kukonzanso duplex [makamaka m'malo owonongeka Glutsani bolodi pamwamba] kapena kuchotsa katunduyo pantchito yokonza malo osungiramo zinthu (D-level).
Anapitiliza kunena kuti chomwe chikufunika ndi njira yomwe asitikali angachite popanda chidziwitso pazinthu zophatikizika, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zokha komanso zolemba zowongolera. Cholinga chathu ndikupangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yosavuta: werengani bukuli, yesani kuwonongeka ndikukonza. Sitikufuna kusakaniza utomoni wamadzimadzi, chifukwa izi zimafuna muyeso wolondola kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zachira. Timafunikiranso dongosolo lopanda zinyalala zowopsa pambuyo pokonzanso. Ndipo iyenera kupakidwa ngati zida zomwe zitha kutumizidwa ndi netiweki yomwe ilipo. ”
Njira imodzi yomwe Custom Technologies idawonetsera bwino ndi zida zonyamulika zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zomatira zolimba za epoxy kuti zigwirizane ndi zomatira molingana ndi kukula kwa kuwonongeka (mpaka mainchesi 12). Chiwonetserocho chinamalizidwa pa zinthu zophatikizika zomwe zikuyimira 3-inchi wandiweyani wa AMCB. Chophatikizikacho chimakhala ndi tsinde la nkhuni la balsa la mainchesi atatu (mapaundi 15 pa kachulukidwe ka phazi) ndi zigawo ziwiri za Vectorply (Phoenix, Arizona, US) C -LT 1100 ulusi wa kaboni 0°/90° biaxial stitched nsalu, wosanjikiza umodzi wa C-TLX 1900 carbon CHIKWANGWANI 0-°/+45 ° wosanjikiza atatu LT / + 45° LT atatu 1100, okwana zigawo zisanu. "Tidaganiza kuti zidazo zigwiritse ntchito zigamba zomwe zidapangidwa kale mu laminate ya quasi-isotropic yofanana ndi ma axis angapo kuti njira ya nsalu isakhale vuto," adatero Crane.
Nkhani yotsatira ndi matrix a resin omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza laminate. Pofuna kupewa kusakaniza utomoni wamadzimadzi, chigambacho chidzagwiritsa ntchito prepreg. "Komabe, zovuta izi ndizosungira," adatero Bergen. Kuti apange chigamba chosungira, Custom Technologies yagwirizana ndi Sunrez Corp. (El Cajon, California, USA) kuti apange galasi fiber / vinyl ester prepreg yomwe ingagwiritse ntchito kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV) mu mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi Kuchiritsa kuwala. Idagwirizananso ndi a Gougeon Brothers (Bay City, Michigan, USA), omwe adalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito filimu yatsopano yosinthika ya epoxy.
Maphunziro oyambirira asonyeza kuti epoxy utomoni ndi abwino kwambiri utomoni kwa mpweya CHIKWANGWANI prepregs-UV-chichiritso vinilu ester ndi translucent galasi CHIKWANGWANI ntchito bwino, koma musachiritse pansi kuwala-kutsekereza mpweya CHIKWANGWANI. Kutengera filimu yatsopano ya Gougeon Brothers, epoxy prepreg yomaliza imachiritsidwa kwa ola limodzi pa 210 ° F / 99 ° C ndipo imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali ya alumali kutentha kwa chipinda-palibe chifukwa chosungira kutentha kochepa. Bergen adanena kuti ngati kutentha kwa magalasi apamwamba (Tg) kumafunika, utomoniwo umachiritsidwa pa kutentha kwakukulu, monga 350 ° F / 177 ° C. Ma prepreg onsewa amaperekedwa mu zida zokonzekera zonyamula ngati mulu wa zigamba za prepreg zosindikizidwa mu envelopu ya filimu ya pulasitiki.
Popeza zida zokonzetsera zitha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, Custom Technologies ikufunika kuti izichita kafukufuku wa alumali. "Tidagula zotchingira zinayi zapulasitiki zolimba - mtundu wankhondo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zoyendera - ndikuyika zitsanzo za zomatira za epoxy ndi vinyl ester prepreg m'khola lililonse," adatero Bergen. Mabokosiwo adayikidwa m'malo anayi osiyanasiyana kuti ayezedwe: denga la fakitale ya Gougeon Brothers ku Michigan, denga la bwalo la ndege la Maryland, malo akunja ku Yucca Valley (chipululu cha California), ndi labotale yoyesera kunja kwa dzimbiri kum'mwera kwa Florida. Milandu yonse imakhala ndi odula ma data, Bergen akuti, "Timatenga zitsanzo za data ndi zinthu kuti tiwunike miyezi itatu iliyonse. Kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumalembedwa m'mabokosi ku Florida ndi California ndi 140 ° F, zomwe ndi zabwino kwa ma resin ambiri obwezeretsa. Ndizovuta kwambiri." Kuphatikiza apo, a Gougeon Brothers adayesa mkati mwake utomoni wa epoxy womwe ungopangidwa kumene. "Zitsanzo zomwe zayikidwa mu uvuni pa 120 ° F kwa miyezi ingapo zimayamba kumera," adatero Bergen. "Komabe, pazitsanzo zofananira zomwe zimasungidwa pa 110 ° F, chemistry ya utomoni idangoyenda pang'ono."
Kukonzekerako kunatsimikiziridwa pa bolodi loyesera ndi chitsanzo ichi cha AMCB, chomwe chinagwiritsa ntchito laminate ndi zakuthupi zomwezo monga mlatho woyambirira womangidwa ndi Seemann Composites. Gwero la zithunzi: Custom Technologies LLC
Pofuna kusonyeza njira yokonza, choyimira laminate chiyenera kupangidwa, kuonongeka ndi kukonzedwa. "M'gawo loyamba la polojekitiyi, poyamba tidagwiritsa ntchito matabwa ang'onoang'ono a 4 x 48-inch ndi mayesero opindika anayi kuti tiwone momwe tingathere kukonza," adatero Klein. "Kenako, tinasinthira ku mapanelo a 12 x 48 inchi mu gawo lachiwiri la polojekitiyi, tinagwiritsa ntchito katundu kuti tipeze vuto la biaxial kuti liwonongeke, ndiyeno tinayesa kukonzanso ntchito.
Bergen adanena kuti gulu loyesera lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kukonzanso linapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mzere womwewo wa laminates ndi zipangizo zapakati monga AMCB yopangidwa ndi Seemann Composites, "koma tidachepetsa makulidwe a gululo kuchokera pa mainchesi 0.375 mpaka 0.175 mainchesi, kutengera chiphunzitso chofananira cha axis. Umu ndi momwemo. inertia ndi kuuma kogwira mtima kwa AMCB yathunthu yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono omwe ndi osavuta kugwiritsira ntchito komanso okwera mtengo kwambiri Ndiye, ife The finite element analysis [FEA] model yopangidwa ndi XCraft Inc. (Boston, Massachusetts, USA) inagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza mapangidwe a kukonzanso zomangamanga. Nsalu za carbon fiber zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mapanelo ndi chitsanzo cha AMCB chinagulidwa kuchokera ku Vectorply, ndipo maziko a balsa anapangidwa ndi Core Composites (Bristol, RI, US) yoperekedwa.
Khwerero 1. Gulu loyeserali likuwonetsa 3 inchi dzenje m'mimba mwake kuti ayesere kuwonongeka komwe kuli pakati ndikukonza circumference. Gwero la zithunzi pamasitepe onse: Custom Technologies LLC.
Khwerero 2. Gwiritsani ntchito chopukusira chogwiritsira ntchito batri kuti muchotse zinthu zowonongeka ndikuyika chigamba chokonzekera ndi 12: 1 taper.
"Tikufuna kutengera kuwonongeka kwakukulu pa bolodi yoyeserera kuposa momwe tingawonere pabwalo lamilatho m'munda," adatero Bergen. “Choncho njira yathu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito sowo wa bowo kupanga dzenje la mainchesi 3. Kenako, timatulutsa pulagi ya zinthu zowonongeka ndikugwiritsa ntchito chopukusira cha pneumatic chogwirizira pamanja pokonza mpango wa 12:1.”
Crane adalongosola kuti kukonza kaboni fiber / epoxy, chinthu "chowonongeka" chikachotsedwa ndikuyika mpango woyenera, prepreg idzadulidwa m'lifupi ndi kutalika kuti ifanane ndi taper ya malo owonongeka. "Kwa gulu lathu loyesera, izi zimafuna zigawo zinayi za prepreg kuti zinthu zokonzetsera zikhale zogwirizana ndi pamwamba pa pepala loyambirira losawonongeka la carbon." Pambuyo pake, zigawo zitatu zophimba za carbon / epoxy prepreg zimakhazikika pa izi Pa gawo lokonzedwa. Nthawi yonse yochitira kukonza-kuphatikiza kukonza malo okonzera, Kudula ndi kuyika zinthu zobwezeretsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yochiritsa - pafupifupi maola 2.5.
Pa carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg, malo okonzerawo ndi vacuum yodzaza ndi kuchiritsidwa pa 210°F/99°C kwa ola limodzi pogwiritsa ntchito batire yotenthetsera bonder.
Ngakhale kukonza kaboni / epoxy ndikosavuta komanso kofulumira, gululo lidazindikira kufunikira kwa njira yabwino yothetsera kubwezeretsa magwiridwe antchito. Izi zinayambitsa kufufuza kwa ultraviolet (UV) kuchiritsa prepregs. "Chidwi cha Sunrez vinyl ester resins chimachokera pazomwe zidachitika kale pamadzi ndi woyambitsa kampaniyo Mark Livesay," Bergen adalongosola. "Tinayamba kupereka Sunrez ndi quasi-isotropic galasi nsalu, pogwiritsa ntchito vinilu ester prepreg, ndipo anaunika machiritso pamapindikira pansi pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Komanso, chifukwa tikudziwa kuti vinilu ester utomoni sali ngati epoxy utomoni Amene amapereka ntchito yoyenera yachiwiri adhesion, kotero khama zina zimafunika kupenda osiyanasiyana zomatira wosanjikiza wothandizila kugwirizana ndi oyenerera ntchito."
Vuto lina ndilakuti ulusi wagalasi sungapereke zinthu zamakina zomwe zimafanana ndi ulusi wa kaboni. "Poyerekeza ndi carbon / epoxy patch, vutoli limathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito galasi / vinyl ester," adatero Crane. "Chomwe chimafunikira gawo limodzi lokha ndikuti galasi ndi nsalu yolemera kwambiri." Izi zimapanga chigamba choyenera chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndikuphatikizidwa mkati mwa mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi ngakhale kutentha kwambiri / kozizira kwambiri. Kuchiza popanda kupereka kutentha. Crane inanena kuti ntchito yokonza iyi ikhoza kutha pasanathe ola limodzi.
Machitidwe onse a zigamba awonetsedwa ndikuyesedwa. Pakukonzanso kulikonse, malo omwe awonongeka amalembedwa (gawo 1), amapangidwa ndi bowo, kenako amachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chopukusira chopangidwa ndi batri (gawo 2). Kenaka dulani malo okonzedwawo mu 12: 1 taper. Yeretsani pamwamba pa mpango ndi pad mowa (gawo 3). Kenaka, dulani chigamba chokonzekera kukula kwake, chiyikeni pamtunda woyeretsedwa (sitepe 4) ndikuchiphatikizira ndi chogudubuza kuti muchotse thovu la mpweya. Kwa galasi CHIKWANGWANI/UV-kuchiritsa vinilu ester prepreg, ndiye ikani kumasulidwa wosanjikiza pa malo okonzedwa ndi kuchiritsa chigambacho ndi chingwe UV nyali kwa mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi (sitepe 5). Pa carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg, gwiritsani ntchito chokonzeratu chokonzeratu, batani limodzi, chotenthetsera choyendetsedwa ndi batire kuti muchotse paketi ndikuchiritsa malo okonzedwa pa 210°F/99°C kwa ola limodzi.
Khwerero 5. Pambuyo poyika peeling wosanjikiza pamalo okonzedwa, gwiritsani ntchito nyali ya UV yopanda chingwe kuti muchiritse chigambacho kwa mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi.
"Kenako tidayesa kuti tiwone ngati chigambacho chimamatira komanso kuthekera kwake kubwezeretsanso mphamvu yonyamula katunduyo," adatero Bergen. "Mu gawo loyamba, tifunika kutsimikizira kumasuka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kutha kubwezeretsa mphamvu zosachepera 75%. Izi zimachitidwa ndi kupindika kwa mfundo zinayi pa 4 x 48 inch carbon fiber / epoxy resin ndi balsa core mtanda pambuyo pokonza zowonongeka zowonongeka. Inde. Gawo lachiwiri la pulojekiti linagwiritsa ntchito 12 x 48 inchi ya inchi kuposa zomwe zimafunikira pansi pazitsulo za 90%, ndipo tonsefe tiyenera kusonyeza mphamvu zowonjezera 90%. zofunikira, ndikujambula njira zokonzetsera pamtundu wa AMCB Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ukadaulo wa infield ndi zida kuti mupereke zowonera.
Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya polojekitiyi ndikutsimikizira kuti novices akhoza kumaliza kukonza mosavuta. Pachifukwa ichi, Bergen anali ndi lingaliro lakuti: "Ndalonjeza kuti ndiwonetsere kwa awiri athu okhudzana ndi luso mu Army: Dr. Bernard Sia ndi Ashley Genna. Pomaliza kubwereza gawo loyamba la polojekitiyi, sindinafunse kukonzanso. Ashley wodziwa zambiri anachita kukonza. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida ndi bukhu lomwe tidapereka, adagwiritsa ntchito chigambacho ndikumaliza kukonza popanda vuto lililonse."
Chithunzi 2 Makina opangira batire opangidwa ndi batri omwe adakonzedwa kale, makina opangira matenthedwe amagetsi amatha kuchiritsa chigamba cha kaboni fiber / epoxy kukonza pakakanikiza batani, popanda kufunikira kwa chidziwitso chokonzekera kapena kuchiritsa pulogalamu yozungulira. Gwero la zithunzi: Custom Technologies, LLC
Kukula kwina kwakukulu ndi njira yochiritsira yoyendetsedwa ndi batri (Chithunzi 2). "Kupyolera mu kukonza infield, muli ndi mphamvu ya batri yokha," adatero Bergen. "Zipangizo zonse zopangira zida zomwe tidapanga ndizopanda zingwe." Izi zikuphatikiza makina otenthetsera oyendetsedwa ndi batire opangidwa mogwirizana ndi makina a Custom Technologies ndi ogulitsa makina opangira matenthedwe WichiTech Industries Inc. (Randallstown, Maryland, USA) makina. "Battery yoyendetsedwa ndi batire yotenthetserayi idakonzedweratu kuti ithe kuchiritsa, chifukwa chake oyambira safunikira kukonza dongosolo lamachiritso," adatero Crane. "Amangofunika kukanikiza batani kuti amalize njira yoyenera ndikuviika." Mabatire omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito panopa amatha chaka chimodzi asanafunikire kuti adzayizidwenso.
Ndi kutha kwa gawo lachiwiri la polojekitiyi, Custom Technologies ikukonzekera malingaliro opititsa patsogolo ndikutolera makalata achidwi ndi chithandizo. "Cholinga chathu ndikukulitsa lusoli ku TRL 8 ndikubweretsa kumunda," adatero Bergen. "Tikuwonanso kuthekera kolemba ntchito zomwe si zankhondo."
Amafotokoza za luso lakale lomwe limapangitsa kuti makampani awonjezere mphamvu zamagetsi, ndipo amamvetsetsa bwino za sayansi yatsopano komanso chitukuko chamtsogolo.
Ikubwera posachedwa ndikuwuluka kwa nthawi yoyamba, 787 imadalira zatsopano muzinthu zophatikizika ndi njira kuti ikwaniritse zolinga zake.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-02-2021