zida zopera konkriti

Ukadaulo waposachedwa wamakina opangira mphero ukhoza kukhalabe wolekerera kwambiri ndikuwonjezera kupanga, ndikuchepetsa kufunikira kwa ogwira ntchito.
Ukadaulo watsopano wamakina opangira mphero umakupatsani mwayi wololera movutikira, kukhalabe ndi zokolola zambiri komanso kupewa kuyika zofuna zatsopano kwa ogwira ntchito mphero. Tom Chastain, Wirtgen American Milling Product Manager, anati: “Mbadwo watsopano wowongolera malo otsetsereka, umisiri wa ng’oma za mphero ndi makina atsopano ogwiritsira ntchito amapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuonjezera zokolola kusiyana ndi m’mbuyomo pamene tikupeza zinthu zapamwamba.”
Njira yokhazikitsira makina odulira ndi kuyang'anira yakhala yosavuta. "Poyerekeza ndi zida zam'badwo wakale, zowunikira pa board, zowongolera zosavuta zowongolera ndi njira zowongolera zodziwikiratu zimachepetsa kwambiri ntchito za wogwiritsa ntchito," atero a Kyle Hammon, manejala waukadaulo wa Astec.
Kuti muchulukitse zotulutsa ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, makina opangira mphero ayenera kuzindikira kusintha kwa katundu pamakina ndikuchitapo kanthu. Cholinga cha Astec ndikusunga njira zapamwamba kwambiri zogaya ndikukulitsa zotulutsa ndikuteteza makina ndi antchito. Apa ndipamene zipangizo zamakono zimabwera. Mitundu ina yamakina atsopano amphero ali ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amalola wogwiritsa ntchito kusankha pakati pa mitundu ya mphero. Izi zimathandiza woyendetsa kulamulira mode.
"Mutha kuuza makinawo kuti muli ndi mipeni ndi mizere yotani komanso mtundu wamtundu womwe mukufuna kukwaniritsa," adatero Chastain. Zokonda izi zitha kupereka chidziwitso pa chida chodulira chomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito. “Makinawa amawerengetsera chidziŵitsochi n’kudziŵa liwiro la makinawo, liwiro la ng’oma yodulira, komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi. Izi zimalola ogwiritsa ntchito kusunga mizere yawo yopangira ndikutumiza zida pomwe makinawo amachita zina. ”
Pofuna kukhathamiritsa kupanga ndi kukongola kwa pamwamba, makina opangira mphero ayenera kuzindikira kusintha kwa katundu ndikuchita moyenerera. "Kuwongolera katundu wa injini ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwekazi ka kayendetsedwe kamwemwemwemwedwedwe kapanganinganinganinganidwewu kukuyishoni kukuchitikiraniraninso ONSE NDI ZIWANI 1
"Dongosolo loyang'anira katundu ngati Caterpillar's load control limalola woyendetsa makinawo kukankhira makinawo mpaka momwe angathere popanda vuto la kuyimitsidwa kwa makina," adatero Jameson Smieja, mlangizi wapadziko lonse wogulitsa Caterpillar. "Izi zitha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa makinawo pongoganiza kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amakankhira makinawo mwamphamvu."
Caterpillar imaperekanso kayendedwe kake. "Cruise control imalola woyendetsa kuti asunge ndikubwezeretsa liwiro la mpheroyo podina batani, potero kuthandizira woyendetsa ntchitoyo kuti azigwira ntchito mokhazikika."
Ntchito monga kuwongolera katundu zimatsimikizira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu za injini zomwe zilipo. "Mapulani ozizira ambiri amalola ogwiritsa ntchito kusankha injini ndi liwiro la rotor lomwe akufuna kudula. Chifukwa chake, m'mapulogalamu omwe kuthamanga sikuli kofunikira kwambiri kapena magalimoto amaletsedwa, oyendetsa amatha kusankha kuthamanga kwa injini ndi rotor kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. ,” Smieja anafotokoza. "Ntchito zina monga kuwongolera liwiro losagwira ntchito zimalola makinawo kutsika mpaka pa liwiro lotsika lopanda ntchito akayimitsidwa, ndikungowonjezera liwiro la injini ngati pakufunika ntchito zina zikayatsidwa."
Makina owongolera makina a Wirtgen's MILL ASSIST amathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kukhathamiritsa zotsatira za mphero. Wirtgen Wirtgen amayang'ana kwambiri pakukula kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito. "Makina atsopanowa ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, madzi ndi zida, pomwe [amachepetsa] phokoso," adatero Chastain. "Kukhala ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amadziwitsa makina zomwe tikuyesera kuti tikwaniritse, komanso njira yatsopano yotumizira maulendo awiri, imalola makinawo kuti aziyenda bwino kwambiri, ndikuwunikanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito."
Zosungira zida ndi mano zapangidwanso. "Tekinoloje yodulira yomwe yasinthidwa imatipatsa chidaliro chochulukirapo pakuchita kwathu mphero komanso kusalala," adatero Chastain. "Zida zatsopano za carbide, komanso zida zamakono za PCD kapena diamondi, zimatilola kugaya nthawi yayitali osavala pang'ono. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sitisiya nthawi zambiri, tidzasunga izi kwa nthawi yayitali. Chitsanzo chabwino. Izi zaposachedwa kwambiri paukadaulo wodula komanso makina apamwamba kwambiri zimatipangitsa kuti tikwaniritse bwino komanso kutulutsa zinthu. ”
Kutchuka kwa zidutswa za diamondi kukupitiriza kukula. Malinga ndi Caterpillar, zobowola izi zimakhala ndi moyo wautali kuwirikiza nthawi 80 kuposa zida zobowola carbide, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi.
Astec "Izi ndizowona makamaka pamapulogalamu ofunikira pomwe zida zobowola carbide ziyenera kusinthidwa kangapo patsiku," adatero Smieja. "Kuphatikiza apo, zobowola diamondi zimakonda kukhala zakuthwa nthawi yonse ya moyo wawo, zomwe zimapangitsa makinawo kupanga mphero zofananira komanso kukhala ndi luso lodula kwambiri, motero amachulukitsa zokolola ndikusunga mpaka 15% pamafuta."
Kupanga kwa rotor ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeka. "Mapangidwe ambiri a rotor amakhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana odulira mano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo apeze mawonekedwe ofunikira pomaliza mphero ndikuchotsa zinthu zambiri momwe angathere," adatero Smieja.
Pofika pachimake chandamale kwa nthawi yoyamba ndikuchotsa kukonzanso, makina opangira mphero omwe ali ndi ukadaulo waposachedwa kwambiri akuyembekezeka kukulitsa zokolola, kuti ndalama zoyambira ndalama zibwezedwe mwachangu.
"Chifukwa cha machitidwe amakono owongolera ma giredi, makina amasiku ano amphero amatha kukhala olondola kwambiri ndikupanga mizere yosalala," adatero Smieja. "Mwachitsanzo, okonza mphaka ozizira amabwera ndi Cat GRADE, yomwe ili ndi malo otsetsereka komanso otsetsereka, zomwe zimapereka kusinthasintha komanso kusinthasintha pamagwiritsidwe angapo aliwonse. Kaya cholinga chake ndi chochotsa kuya, mphero kuti ukhale wosalala, kapena Kugaya kuti apange mipangidwe yolondola, Mphaka GRADE ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi kusinthidwa kuti ukwaniritse zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pafupifupi machitidwe onse.
Kuwongolera kotsetsereka kwakonzedwa kuti kukhale kosavuta kupeza kuya kosasinthasintha komanso/kapena kutsetsereka. Chastain adati: "Ukadaulo wosavuta koma wapamwamba kwambiri umapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito mayankho achangu komanso olondola, komanso amachepetsa kupanikizika pantchito."
"Tikuwona matekinoloje ochulukirachulukira a 3D akulowa m'makampani opanga mphero," adawonjezera. "Ngati zokonda zili zolondola, makinawa amagwira ntchito bwino." Makina owerengera amagwiritsa ntchito masensa a sonic kuti azitha kutalika kwa makina kapena kudula mozama.
Ntchito zovuta zimathandizira kuwongolera kotsetsereka kwa 3D. "Poyerekeza ndi machitidwe ovomerezeka a 2D, njira yoyendetsera malo otsetsereka a 3D imapangitsa makinawo kuti aphedwe ndipamwamba kwambiri," adatero Hammon. "M'mapulojekiti ovuta kwambiri omwe amafunikira kuya kosiyana ndi mapiri otsetsereka, dongosolo la 3D lidzasintha izi.
"Dongosolo la 3D likufunikadi kupanga chitsanzo cha digito pogwiritsa ntchito deta yamsewu yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa isanayambe ntchito yopera," adatero. "Poyerekeza ndi machitidwe achikhalidwe a 2D, kumanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya digito pamakina amphero kumafuna ntchito yambiri pasadakhale komanso zida zowonjezera."
CaterpillarPlus, si ntchito iliyonse yomwe ili yoyenera mphero za 3D. "Ngakhale kuti mphero ya 3D imapereka zolondola kwambiri zokhudzana ndi mapangidwe apangidwe, teknoloji yofunikira kuti ikwaniritse kulondola imafuna ndalama zambiri, komanso kasamalidwe ka malo owonjezera omwe ali oyenerera ntchito zapadera," adatero Smieja.
"Malo ogwirira ntchito okhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino, mtunda wowongolera, komanso kusokoneza kochepa kwa malo owongolera a 3D (monga ma eyapoti) ndi ofuna kupindula ndi 3D slope control, yomwe imathandiza kukwaniritsa malamulo okhwima," adatero. "Komabe, kuwongolera kotsetsereka kwa 2D, kokhala kapena kopanda ma chord, ikadali njira yabwino yokwaniritsira zambiri zamasiku ano zogaya popanda kufunikira kwa zida zowonjezera."
Orange Crush LLC ndi kontrakitala waku Chicago yemwe amagwira ntchito zingapo, kuphatikiza misewu ya phula ndi konkriti ndikukumba. Imakonza misewu ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono komanso malo ogulitsa nyumba.
"Titha kugwiritsa ntchito zomera zisanu ndi chimodzi za asphalt m'dera la Chicago," adatero Sumie Abdish, woyang'anira wamkulu. "Tili ndi magulu asanu opera ndi makina asanu ndi awiri (makina opera)."
Mothandizidwa ndi SITECH Midway, Orange Crush idasankha kukhazikitsa makina owongolera a Trimble 3D pamakina ake aposachedwa a Roadtec RX 700. Ngakhale mphero ya 3D ndi yatsopano, kontrakitala ali ndi chidziwitso chambiri pakupanga 3D.
"Tidakonza zoyambira zathu chifukwa tinali titangotsala pang'ono kutha panjira yolipira," adatero Abdish. Koma akuganiza kuti njira yabwino ndi kuyamba ndi makina ophera. "Ndimakhulupirira kwambiri kuyambira pachiyambi. Ndikuganiza kuti ungachite mphero ya 3D kaye, kenako ndikuyanika pamodzi.
Yankho la 3D total station limalola kuwongolera mwamphamvu mbali zonse kuchokera pazotulutsa mpaka kulondola. Izi zakhala zopindulitsa pantchito yaposachedwa ya Norfolk Southern Railway Yard ku Englewood, Illinois. Orange Crush iyenera kukhala ndi magiredi okhwima, ndipo ukadaulo wa 3D wonse umachotsa kufunikira kojambulira manambala kutsogolo kwa mphero ndikuwunikanso ntchito.
"Tili ndi munthu kumbuyo kwa mphero ndi rover, pali ndalama zowonjezera, koma kuli bwino kusiyana ndi kubwerera chifukwa tinaphonya zotsatira ziwiri kapena zitatu mwa khumi," adatero Abdish.
Kulondola kwa dongosolo la Astec kwatsimikiziridwa kukhala kolondola. "Zinapeza ndalama nthawi yoyamba," adatero Abdish. "Zotulutsa zanu mu pulogalamuyi zakwera ndi 30%, makamaka mukakhala ndi makina osinthira akuya ndikusunga malo otsetsereka pamalo aliwonse."
Ukadaulo umafunikira ndalama zambiri, koma kubweza kungakhale kofulumira kwambiri. Orange Crush ikuyerekeza kuti yapezanso pafupifupi theka la ndalama zake zaukadaulo mu projekiti ya Norfolk South yokha. "Ndidzanena kuti panthawiyi chaka chamawa, tidzalipira dongosolo," adatero Abdish.
Kukhazikitsa tsamba nthawi zambiri kumatenga pafupifupi maola awiri ndi Orange Crush. "Nthawi yoyamba yomwe mukupita kukayezera, muyenera kuwerengera maola awiri m'mawa ndikuwongolera nthawi iliyonse mukasamutsa makinawo kuchokera kuntchito kupita ku ina," adatero Abdish. Musanatumize galimotoyo, muyenera kukatengera makinawo kudakali maola angapo.
Kwa makontrakitala, maphunziro oyendetsa ntchito sizovuta. "Sizovuta monga momwe ndimaganizira," Abdish adakumbukira. "Ndikuganiza kuti njira yophunzirira yopalasa ndi yayitali kuposa ya opukuta."
Munthu amene amayang'anira kuyeza / kuwongolera makina owongolera ali ndi udindo wokhazikitsa ntchito iliyonse. "Adzapita kukayang'anira ntchito iliyonse, ndikugwira ntchito ndi SITECH kuti apange muyeso woyamba wa makina," adatero Abdish. Kusunga munthu uyu ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la maphunziro. "Ogwira ntchito enieni adavomereza nthawi yomweyo."
Chifukwa cha zabwino zomwe zapezedwa, Orange Crush ikukonzekera kukulitsa luso lake la 3D mphero powonjezera Trimble system ku Wirtgen 220A yomwe yapezedwa posachedwa. "Mukakhala ndi pulojekiti, mumakhala ndi zomwe zingakupangitseni kukhala ndi ulamuliro wokhazikika, womwe ndi lingaliro chabe," adatero Abdish. "Ichi ndiye chinthu chachikulu kwa ine."
Kuchuluka kwa ma automation ndi kuwongolera kosavuta kumatanthauza kuti ogwira ntchito sayenera kukanikiza mabatani pafupipafupi, motero amachepetsa njira yophunzirira. "Mwa kupanga kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kuti agwiritse ntchito makina atsopano mosavuta, m'malo mwa makina a zaka 30 omwe amafunikira luso komanso kuleza mtima kuti adziwe bwino," adatero Chastain.
Kuphatikiza apo, wopanga amapereka mawonekedwe apadera omwe amatha kufewetsa ndikufulumizitsa kukhazikitsa makina. "Sensa yophatikizidwa mu makina imalola kugwiritsa ntchito Caterpillar's'zeroing' and'automatic cut transition' kuti muchepetse kukhazikitsidwa," adatero Smieja.
Tekinoloje yowongolera ya Wirtgen imatha kusintha kutalika, kuya ndi malo kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola kwambiri ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Kubwezeretsanso kwa Wirtgen kumatha kubweretsa makinawo ku "kutalika" koyambirira kuti akhale okonzekera kudulidwa kwina, akufotokoza Smieja. Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kumalola wogwiritsa ntchito kuti azitha kusinthiratu kuya ndi kutsetsereka mkati mwa mtunda womwe waperekedwa, ndipo makinawo amangopanga mizere yofunikira.
Smieja anawonjezera kuti: “Zinthu zina, monga kamera yabwino kwambiri yokhala ndi zilolezo zotsogola, zimapangitsa kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo azitha kugwirizanitsa makinawo molondola kumayambiriro kwa kachipangizo katsopano.”
Kuchepetsa nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito pakukhazikitsa kumatha kuwonjezera mzere wapansi. "Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo waposachedwa, kukhazikitsa makina ogaya kuti ayambe kwakhala kosavuta," adatero Chastain. "Ogwira ntchito mphero amatha kukhazikitsa makinawo kuti agwire ntchito pakangopita mphindi zochepa."
Gulu lowongolera mtundu wa makina opangira mphero a Roadtec (Astec) amalembedwa ndi chizindikiro chomveka bwino, chomwe ndi chosavuta komanso chosavuta kugwira ntchito. Ukadaulo wa Astec umapangitsanso chitetezo. "Zomwe zachitika posachedwa pamakina a Astec CMS ndi okhudzana ndi chitetezo," adatero Hammon. "Ngati munthu kapena chinthu chachikulu chizindikirika kuseri kwa makinawo pobwerera kumbuyo, makina ozindikira zinthu zakumbuyo amayimitsa makinawo. Munthuyo akangochoka pamalo ozindikira, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amatha kusintha njira ya makinawo. ”
Komabe, ngakhale ndikupita patsogolo kumeneku, mphero ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe luso la opareshoni ndizovuta kusintha. "Ine ndekha ndikuganiza kuti mphero nthawi zonse imafuna zinthu zaumunthu," adatero Chastain. "Zinthu zikayenda bwino, ogwira ntchito amatha kumva. Zinthu zikavuta amamva. Zimathandiza kwambiri kuti makinawa akhale otetezeka komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. ”
Kupewa kutha kwa nthawi kumapangitsa kuti ntchito yogayayo ikhale yabwino. Apa ndi pamene teknoloji ya telematics imasintha malamulo a masewerawo.
"Telematics ndi chida champhamvu chochepetsera nthawi yopuma ndikusonkhanitsa deta yogwira ntchito munthawi yeniyeni," adatero Hammon. "Zidziwitso zopanga, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta komanso nthawi yopanda ntchito ndi zitsanzo zochepa za chidziwitso chomwe chingapezeke patali mukamagwiritsa ntchito makina a telematics."
Astec imapereka Guardian telematics system. "Dongosolo la telematics la Guardian limalola kulumikizana kwanjira ziwiri pakati pa makina ndi wogwiritsa ntchito kapena wovomerezeka wautumiki," adatero Hammon. "Izi zimapereka kusamalidwa kwakukulu komanso kusonkhanitsa deta pamakina aliwonse."
Pakakhala vuto ndi makina ogaya, amafunika kudziwika ndi kukonzedwa mwamsanga. Chastain anati: “Makina atsopano opera mphero sakuyenera kufewetsa ntchitoyo, komanso imathandizira kuzindikira ndi kuthetsa mavuto a makinawa.” Kuwonongeka kwa makina ndikokulirapo. ”
Wirtgen wapanga dongosolo lodziwitsa ogwiritsa ntchito zovuta zomwe zingachitike. Chastain anati: “Makina atsopanowa azidziwitsa wogwiritsa ntchito ngati zida zina sizinayatse, sizikugwira ntchito, kapena kuzimitsidwa mwangozi.” "Izi zikuyembekezeka kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mabowo [omwe] akhazikitsidwa kale pamsewu m'zaka zingapo zapitazi."
Wirtgen yakhazikitsanso redundancy pamakina ake amphero kuti achepetse nthawi. "Tikalephera, panali zosunga zobwezeretsera, kotero makina opangira mphero amatha kupitiliza kuyenda popanda kupereka nsembe kapena kupanga," adatero Chastain.